innovations in Learning

This volume documents the growth of a new kind of interdisciplinary teamwork that is evolving among practitioners, researchers, teacher educators, and community partners. Its premise: the design of learning environments and the development of theory must proceed in a mutually supportive fashion. Scientific researchers have learned that a prerequisite to studying the kinds of learning that matter is helping to shoulder the responsibility for ensuring that these forms of learning occur. To support and study learning, researchers are increasingly making major and long-term investments in the design and maintenance of contexts for learning. Practitioners are assuming new roles as well, reflecting an increasing awareness of the need to move beyond skillful doing. If developing learning contexts are to be protected within and expanded beyond the systems that surround them, it is necessary to foster professional communities that will support reflection about practice, including the generation and evaluation of rich and flexible environments for student thinking. One consequence of recent reforms is that teachers are increasingly regarding such tasks as central to their professional development. Innovations in Learning: New Environments for Education describes coordinated interaction between educational design on the one hand, and the development of learning theory on the other, through a series of examples. These examples have been chosen because they are continuing, proven programs with evidence of success. Contributors to the volume are researchers and practitioners who have played a role in inventing these programs and have guided their development over a period of years. Rather than choosing illustrations of a pipeline or "application model of research" from research and then to practice, the editors of this volume have selected interventions in which researchers and practitioners work together persistently to forge common understanding. Such activity is necessarily interdisciplinary, often encompassing long spans of time, and is more akin to engineering in the field than to laboratory science. The common themes that emerge from this activity -- for example, the role of tools, talk, and community -- belong exclusively neither to theory nor to practice, but to their intersection in commitment to specific contexts of learning and continuing contributions to practice and underlying theory. This volume is organized into three sections that reflect different levels and kinds of learning contexts. Each of these levels has been the focus of recent cognitive and reform applications to learning and schooling. The first offers examples of effective learning in informal settings; the second discusses innovative approaches to schooling at the classroom level; and the third reviews reforms that regard the entire school as the appropriate unit of change.

Leona Schauble, Robert Glaser

Contents: Foreword. Preface. Part I: Education Outside the Classroom.L. Schauble, D.B. Beane, G.D. Coates, L.M.W. Martin, P.V. Sterling, Outside the Classroom Walls: Learning in Informal Environments. L. Flower, Collaborative Planning and Community Literacy: A Window on the Logic of Learners. C. Juel, Learning to Learn from Effective Tutors. P. Pedraza, J. Ayala, Motivation as an Emergent Issue in an After-School Program in El Barrio. Part II: Learning Inside the Classroom.B. Warren, A.S. Rosebery, "This Question is Just Too, Too Easy!" Students' Perspectives on Accountability in Science. E.A. Silver, Moving Beyond Learning Alone and in Silence: Observations from the QUASAR Project Concerning Communication in Mathematics Classrooms. M. Resnick, Toward a Practice of "Constructional Design." J. Minstrell, V. Stimpson, A Classroom Environment for Learning: Guiding Students' Reconstruction of Understanding and Reasoning. G.W. McDiarmid, Challenging Prospective Teachers' Understandings of History: An Examination of a Historiography Seminar. M. Lamon, T. Secules, A.J. Petrosino, R. Hackett, J.D. Bransford, S.R. Goldman, Schools for Thought: Overview of the Project and Lessons Learned from One of the Sites. A.L. Brown, J.C. Campione, Psychological Theory and the Design of Innovative Learning Environments: On Procedures, Principles, and Systems. Part III: Changing Environments for Education.H.M. Levin, Accelerated Schools After Eight Years. J.P. McDonald, Below the Surface of School Reform: Vision and Its Foes.