Geographical axis of history

Sir Halford John Mackinder - English geographer, lecturer at Oxford University, member of the House of Commons of the British Parliament, one of the founders of geopolitics as a science. In his main work "The Geographical Pivot of History" Mackinder introduced the concept of the Heartland, thus designating the central part of Eurasia, around which the inner arc is located (Europe - Arabia - Indochina) and the peripheral arc (America - Africa - Oceania). In his post-World War I work "Democratic Ideals and Reality", the scientist further developed his theory of the pivot region, modifying some of the previous provisions. Mackinder's last, third work - "The Globe and the Achievement of Peace", which radically revises the future world order after the end of World War II. In his work, Mackinder introduces a new geopolitical axis - the United States, substantiates the idea of --geopolitical opposing axes: C the United States and the Soviet Union (Heartland).