End State

As the war on terrorism progresses, it appears stability operations may continue to be the logical follow-on phase after intervention into each failed state. There is a necessity for military forces in the post-conflict environment to keep the peace while the failed state rebuilds. Already, there are approximately 71,000 U.S. military personnel committed to such operations around the world. Interventions in Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, East Timor, and Macedonia are recent examples of America's commitment to end violence, end suffering, and provide humanitarian support. American military forces have been involved with operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina for over six years. Operations in Kosovo indicate a similar path with no end in sight. A review of western military literature indicates a plethora of information on end state as it relates to war. Despite an extensive history in stability operations, there is a void on the role of end state. The purpose of this monograph is to determine if end state is a relevant construct for the campaign planning of stability operations, specifically, peace operations. As globalization spreads, international pressure and economic necessity have resulted in U.S. intervention numerous times in the past decade. While a bipolar world afforded a sense of certainty, the known threat of communism, the multipolar environment is characterized by uncertainty and complexity. As the United States continues to become engaged in peace operations, it is imperative to understand the implementation of end states. Peace operations cannot become unending commitments and tie up precious resources. Piecemeal commitment of American military forces around the globe affects readiness. From the theoretical perspective, the author examines goal setting, problem solving, and the role of intent. From the historical perspective, two case studies, Bosnia and Kosovo, are evaluated to assess the role of end state in planning. The monograph includes
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