Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness

How did the affliction we now know as insanity move from a religious phenomenon to a medical one? How did social class, gender, and ethnicity affect the experience of mental trauma and the way psychiatrists diagnosed and treated patients? In answering these questions, this important volume mines the rich and unusually detailed records of one of Germany's first modern insane asylums, the Eberbach Asylum in the duchy of Nassau. It is a book on the historical relationship between madness and modernity that both builds upon and challenges Michel Foucault's landmark work on this topic, a bold study that gives generous consideration to madness from the patient's perspective while also shedding new light on sexuality, politics, and antisemitism in nineteenth-century Germany. Drawing on the case records of several hundred asylum patients, Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness reconstructs the encounters of state officials and medical practitioners with peasant madness and deviancy during a transitional period in the history of both Germany and psychiatry. As author Ann Goldberg explains, this era witnessed the establishment of psychiatry as a legitimate medical specialty during a time of social upheaval, as Germany underwent the shift toward a capitalist order and the modern state. Focusing on such "illnesses" as religious madness, nymphomania, and masturbatory insanity, as well as the construct of Jewishness, she probes the daily encounters in which psychiatric categories were applied, experienced, and resisted within the settings of family, village, and insane asylum. The book is a model of microhistory, breaking new ground in the historiography of psychiatryas it synthetically applies approaches from "the history of everyday life," anthropology, poststructuralism, and feminist studies. In contrast to earlier, anecdotal studies of "the asylum patient," Goldberg employs diagnostic patterns to illuminate the ways in which madne

Ann Goldberg is an assistant professor of history at the University of California, Riverside.

- Introduction
- 1: The Duchy of Nassau and the Eberbach Asylum
- Section I: Religion
- 2: Religious Madness in the Vormarz: Culture, Politics, and the Professionalization of Psychiatry
- 3: Religious Madness and the Formation of Patients
- Section II: Sexuality and Gender
- 4: Medical Representation of Sexual Madness: Nymphomania and Masturbatory Insanity
- 5: Doctors and Patients: The Practice(s) of Nymphomania
- 6: Women, Sex, and Rural Life
- Section III: Delinquincy and Criminality
- 7: Masturbatory Insanity and Delinquincy
- 8: Jews and the Criminalization of Madness
- Conclusion