Boundaries That Divide

Turkey presents a striking example of the most recent wave of global authoritarian turns. The two-decade long transition in the country’s political system also transformed its media environment. As mainstream journalists gradually yielded their places to sycophants, much more willing to praise the government in their news, the mainstream media that once oversaw–however imperfectly—political decisions started devoting its full service to cheerleading the government. Simultaneously, a new sphere of critical journalism began to emerge, with mainstream media journalists joining their fellows in the peripheries of the media. Considering the transformation of Turkey’s news media as the decay of a democratic institution, this book asks: How does the media break down under the rule of an elected government? Drawing on fieldwork and in-depth interviews, the book traces the ruling AKP’s manipulation of social divides to consolidate power, and journalists’ navigation of the resulting climate of fear, hope, doubt, and anger. The book shows how Turkey’s news media surrendered its power over politics as some journalists embraced disinformation as a path to heightened status, others turned to self-censorship for protection, and still others resisted capture through continuous but fragmented efforts. The book portrays journalists as central actors in media decay, while also revealing that resilience to decay emerges where rising demand for “news” meets the contentious mobilization of journalists. Although focused on Turkey, the book’s insights extend far beyond, offering urgent lessons about the future of journalism in an age of populism, polarization, and institutional erosion.

Defne Över is an assistant professor of sociology at Texas A&M University in College Station.

Introduction 1 Media, Politics, and Group Relationships in Turkey 2 Provoking Splits and Dominating the Coverage of the 2010 Referendum 3 Disinformation and Self-Censorship on the Eve of the 2013 Gezi Protests 4 Forging Bonds in the Opposition: The New Critical Media Environment in Turkey 5 The Media as An Accomplice in Turkey’s Personalist Turn Epilogue: Beyond Turkey’s News Media Acknowledgments Methodological Appendix Notes Bibliography Index