On the Edge of the Cold War

In 1945, both the U.S. State Department and U.S. Intelligence saw Czechoslovakia as the master key to the balance of power in Europe and as a chessboard for the power-game between East and West. Washington believed that the political scene in Prague was the best available indicator of whether the United States would be able to coexist with Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union. In this book, Igor Lukes illuminates the end of World War II and the early stages of the Cold War in Prague, showing why the United States failed to prevent Czechoslovakia from being absorbed into the Soviet bloc. He draws on documents from archives in the United States and the Czech Republic, on the testimonies of high ranking officers who served in the U.S. Embassy from 1945 to 1948, and on unpublished manuscripts, diaries, and memoirs. Exploiting this wealth of evidence, Lukes paints a critical portrait of Ambassador Laurence Steinhardt. He shows that Steinhardt's groundless optimism caused Washington to ignore clear signs that democracy in Czechoslovakia was in trouble. Although U.S. Intelligence officials who served in Prague were committed to the mission of gathering information and protecting democracy, they were defeated by the Czech and Soviet clandestine services that proved to be more shrewd, innovative, and eager to win. Indeed, Lukes reveals that a key American officer may have been turned by the Russians. For all these reasons, when the Communists moved to impose their dictatorship, the U.S. Embassy and its CIA section were unprepared and powerless. The fall of Czechoslovakia in 1948 helped deepen Cold War tensions for decades to come. Vividly written and filled with colorful portraits of the key participants, On the Edge of the Cold War offers an authoritative account of this key foreign policy debacle.

Igor Lukes is University Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University. He is the author of Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler: The Diplomacy of Edvard Benes in the Thirties and Rudolf Slansky: His Trials and Trial.

AcknowledgmentsIntroduction. Postwar Czechoslovakia: The Master Key to Europe? 1. Resurrecting Czechoslovakia from its Munich Grave 2. General Eisenhower Declines to Liberate Prague 3. Spring 1945: The Americans Return to the Schönborn Palace 4. Ambassador Steinhardt's Delayed Arrival 5. A Chronicle of Wasted Opportunities 6. Steinhardt Encounters Reality: Nationalization, Expulsions, and U.S. Military Withdrawal 7. America's First Warning Signs: From the Stechovice Raid Toward the May 1946 Elections8. Great Expectations and Lost Illusions: U.S. Intelligence in Postwar Prague 9. Passing the Point of No-Return: Prague Withdraws from the Marshall Plan 10. The Communists Exchange Popularity for Absolute Power 11. The Schönborn Palace Under Siege: Americans as "Spies and Saboteurs" NotesIndex