Greening International Institutions

Environmentally sustainable development has become one of the world's most urgent priorities. But countries cannot achieve it alone: it depends on international coordination and action. Greening International Institutions, the latest in a series of highly-acclaimed publications devoted to environmental and developmental law, assesses how far and how successfully intergovernmental organizations have responded to the challenge. The organizations analyzed include: the UN General Assembly, the new Commission for Sustainable Development, UNEP, UNDP and UNCTAD, WTO, GATT, NAFTA, the Bretton Woods institutions and several regional bodies, as well as treaty bodies and the mechanisms for avoiding and settling disputes. For each, the contributors provide an accessible overview of the organization's mandate and structure, examine substantive policy initiatives and assess the need and scope for procedural and institutional reform. Drawing together a collection of essays by lawyers and researchers from various backgrounds, Greening International Institutions is stimulating reading for students and policy-makers, as well as anyone concerned with the development of international institutions. Jacob Werksman is an attorney, a Programme Director at FIELD, and Visiting Lecturer in International Economic Law at the University of London. Greening International Institutions is the fifth volume in the International Law and Sustainable Development series, co-developed with FIELD. The series aims to address and define the major legal issues associated with sustainable development and to contribute to the progressive development of international law. Other titles in the series are: Greening International Law, Interpreting the Precautionary Principle, Property Rights in the Defence of Nature and Improving Compliance with International Environmental Law. 'A legal parallel to the Blueprint series - welcome, timely and provocative' David Pearce Originally published in 1996

Jacob Werksmann

Acknowledgements List of Contributors Introduction Part I: Policy-making 1. The United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council Donald Fitzpatrick 2. The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Chris Mensah 3. The United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Development Programme Alexander Timoshenko and Mark Berman 4 .The Conferences of Parties to Environmental Treaties Jacob Werksman Part II: Trade 5. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Mehmet Arda 6. The World Trade Organization and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Zen Makuch 7. The North American Free Trade Association Aradhana Kumar, Jean Milner and Annie Petsonk Part III: Finance 8. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund Korinna Horta 9. The Global Environment Facility Helen Sjoberg 10. National Environmental Funds Kyle Danish Part IV: Regional Institutions 11. The European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Hun Somsen 12. The South Pacific Region Wayne King and Vanessa C J Goad Part V: Avoiding and Settling Disputes 13. The International Court of Justice and the European Court of Justice Philippe Sands 14. New Institutions and Procedures for Implementation Control and Reaction Martti Koskenniemi Part VI: Environmental NGOs and International Institutions 15. The Role of Non-State Actors Hilary French Notes and References Appendices Appendix 1: Agenda 21 (extract) Appendix 2: A Guide to International Institutions on the Internet Index