Debating Emerging Adulthood

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has undergone significant changes in recent decades. Unlike a half century ago, when young people in industrialized countries moved from adolescence into young adulthood in relatively short order at around age 20, now the decade from the late teens to the late twenties is seen as an extended time of self-focused exploration and education in pursuit of optimally fulfilling relationships and careers. Recognition of this new period is stronger than ever, but an important question remains: should emerging adulthood be considered a developmental stage, or a process? In Debating Emerging Adulthood: Stage or Process? two pairs of developmental psychologists take sides in a debate that is central to the very concept of emerging adulthood. Arnett and Tanner argue that as young people around the world share demographic similarities, such as longer education and later marriage, the years between the ages 18 and 25 are best understood as entailing a new life stage. However, because the experiences of emerging adults worldwide vary according to cultural context, educational attainment, and social class, these two scholars suggest that there may not be one but many different emerging adulthoods. An important issue for this burgeoning area of inquiry is to explore and describe this variation. In contrast, Hendry and Kloep assert that stage theories have never been able to explain individual transitions across the life course; in their view, stage theories-including the theory of emerging adulthood-ought to be abolished altogether, and explanations found for the processes and mechanisms that govern human change at any age. This engaging book maps out the argument of "stage or process" in detail, with vigorous disagreements, conflicting alternatives, and some leavening humor, ultimately even finding some common ground. Debating Emerging Adulthood is an absolute must-read for developmental psychologists as well as anyone interested in this indisputably important time of life.

Jeffrey Jensen Arnett is a Research Professor in the Department of Psychology at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. He is the editor of the Journal of Adolescent Research and author of the book Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens Through the Twenties, published in 2004 by Oxford University Press. Marion Kloep is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Glamorgan, Scotland. She has conducted research projects on human development in Scandinavia, Germany, Great Britain, Turkey and Albania. For the last fifteen years, she has worked in close co-operation with Leo B. Hendry. Leo B. Hendry is Professor of Psychology at the University of Glamorgan and Emeritus Professor at the University of Aberdeen. He has written over 150 research journal articles, 30 book chapters and 15 books, which have been published in several languages including Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian and Danish. Jennifer L. Tanner is a Visiting Assistant Research Professor at The Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research at Rutgers University, USA. Dr. Tanner has contributed theoretical work on emerging adulthood, specifically the theory of recentering, and has contributed empirical research on pathways of mental health problems through emerging adulthood and beyond.

Introduction Chapter 1. The curtain rises: A brief overview of the book Jeffrey J. Arnett, Leo B. Hendry, Marion Kloep, and Jennifer L. Tanner Section I: Arguments for a stage Chapter 2. Presenting "emerging adulthood": What makes it developmentally distinctive? Jennifer L. Tanner and Jeffrey J. Arnett Chapter 3. Themes and variations in emerging adulthood across social classes Jeffrey J. Arnett and Jennifer L. Tanner Section II: Arguments for a process Chapter 4. A systemic approach to the transitions to adulthood Marion Kloep and Leo B. Hendry Chapter 5. Lifestyles in emerging adulthood: Who needs stages anyway? Leo B. Hendry and Marion Kloep Section III: Rejoinders Chapter 6. Rejoinder to Chapters 2 and 3: Critical comments on Arnett's and Tanner's approach Marion Kloep and Leo B. Hendry Chapter 7. In defense of emerging adulthood as a life stage: Rejoinder to Kloep's & Hendry's Chapter 4 and 5 Jeffrey J. Arnett and Jennifer L. Tanner Conclusion Chapter 8: Bringing down the curtain Part I: Jeffrey J. Arnett: One stage, many paths Part II: Marion Kloep: What we can learn from polar bears: Changing a stage or staging a change? Part III: Leo B. Hendry: "As John McEnroe used to say..." Part IV: Jennifer L. Tanner: It's not about winning, it's how you play the game