Shanghai under the Socialist System

This book reveals how the formation of the Chinese socialist system in the 1950s dramatically transformed the nation’s economy, and charts how the newly established economic system functioned during the planned economy period (1949-1978), through focusing on Shanghai, which had served as the center of China’s modern economy since the latter half of the nineteenth century. Drawing on the rich historical primary sources of the Shanghai Municipal Archives, this study examines the impact of the institutional change wrought by the introduction of the socialist system on Shanghai’s economy, through a careful comparison with the economic structure before 1949. Moreover, it also explores the distinctive features of the Chinese socialist system, first and foremost the relationship between local governments and local businesses that came about through the socialist transformation of private enterprise, by analyzing Shanghai’s fiscal structure and a series of key industries, including the textile, machinery, rubber processing, cement, and power industries. This historical study proffers a new understanding of the long-term economic history of modern China across the pivotal 1949 and 1978 divides and sheds light on the origin of what has come to be known as “socialism with Chinese characteristics” today.

Jun Kajima is a professor of economic history at the Faculty of Economics, Keio University. His research focuses on the economic history of modern China, especially the socialist system after 1949. He has published articles, chapters, and monographs on the economic history of China in English, Chinese, and Japanese. He obtained his undergraduate degree from Saitama University, a master’s from Tokyo Metropolitan University, and a Ph.D. in Letters from the University of Tokyo. He has been a visiting student at Beijing Normal University and Fudan University, a visiting senior fellow in the Department of Economic History at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a visiting scholar in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Chapter 1 Introduction.- Part I The Shanghai Economy and the Formation of the Socialist System.- Chapter 2 Profile of the Shanghai Economy.- Chapter 3 The Establishment of the People's Republic of China and Shanghai Enterprises.- Chapter 4 The Korean War and the Formation of the Socialist System.- Part II The Socialist Fiscal System and Shanghai.- Chapter 5 Reform of the Fiscal and Taxation System.- Chapter 6 Local Government and Local Enterprises.- Chapter 7 Interregional Comparison of Provincial-level Local Public Finances.- Part III Industrial Development in Shanghai under the Socialist System.- Chapter 8 The Impact of the Heavy-industry-priority Strategy: The Textile and Machinery Industries.- Chapter 9 The Restructuring of Industrial Organization: The Rubber Processing Industry.- Chapter 10 The Material Distribution System: The Cement Industry.- Chapter 11 Regional Integration and Interregional Network: The Power Industry.- Chapter 12 Conclusion.- Index.