Laboratory Safety Theory and Practice

Laboratory Safety: Theory and Practice focuses on theoretical aspects of the hazards the students, technicians, and scientists encounter in the laboratory. It presents methods of risk assessment that can be applied to technologies as they are translated from the scientist's mind to the laboratory bench. It is organized into three sections designated as General Laboratory Safety, Biological Laboratory Safety, and Medical and Psychological Factors. The first section, encompassing three chapters, discusses hazards found in almost all laboratories; pertinent safety theories and practices; ubiquitous compounds that are either toxic or carcinogenic and guidelines for their use; and radiation hazards. Chapters 4 to 7 focus on the safety in the biological laboratory. Discussions on relatively complex group of viruses, approach to recombinant DNA research, and awareness on the possible hazards associated with the field are included in this book. Chapters 6 and 7 present design and function of biohazard laboratories and the hazards relating to laboratory animals. The final section discusses medical surveillance of persons at risk and the psychological factors involved in accident control. It presents a comprehensive list of chemical agents, their sources, subsequent physical effects, and the accepted mode of medical surveillance. Various genetic screening tests and their potential use for the evaluation of presumptive and actual mutagens are also covered. This book is ideal for safety and design engineers, students, technicians, and scientists.

List of Contributors PrefacePart One: General Laboratory Safety Chapter One Physical, Chemical, and Fire Safety I. Introduction II. Human Factors III. Energy Factors and Control Strategies IV. Haddon's Measures for the Prevention or Limitation of Laboratory Incidents and Injuries V. Mechanical Hazards and Controls VI. Thermal Hazards and Control Measures VII. Chemical Hazards and Control Measures VIII. Electrical Hazards and Control Measures IX. Fire Hazards and Control Measures X. Safety Management References Chapter Two Classes of Toxic Compounds: Procedures and Principles for Evaluating Toxicity I. Introduction II. Classification of Toxicity III. Carcinogenicity References Chapter Three Radiation Hazards in the Laboratory I. Introduction II. Units of Radiation Measurement III. Radiation Effects on Biological Systems IV. Principles of Exposure Control V. Regulations VI. Instrumentation VII. Personnel Monitoring: Purpose and Need VIII. General Laboratory Procedures for Radidiisotope Work IX. Specific Procedures for Users of Large Quantities of 3H, 32P, and 125I BibliographyPart Two: Biological Laboratory Safety Chapter Four Viruses and Cancer I. Introduction II. DNA Oncogenic Viruses III. RNA Tumor Viruses IV. Discussion References Chapter Five Recombinant DNA Research I. Introduction II. The Importance of Molecular Cloning III. In Vitro Cloning Procedures IV. In Vivo Genetic Manipulation V. Possible Hazards Associated with Recombinant DNA Research References Chapter Six Identification, Analysis, and Control of Biohazards in Viral Cancer Research I. Introduction II. Determinants of Laboratory Hazard III. Criteria for Tumor Virus Classification IV. Containment Systems and Control Practices References Chapter Seven Biohazards Associated with Laboratory Animals I. Introduction II. Hazards to Personnel III. Experimental Hazard IV. Hazard to Breeding Stock V. Hazard to Domestic Animals VI. Important Laboratory Zoonoses VII. Factors Affecting Laboratory Zoonoses VIII. Control of Animal Room Biohazards IX. Estimation of Risk X. Final Comment References Part Three: Medical and Psychological Factors Chapter Eight Selected Medical Problems Often Associated with Laboratory Personnel I. Introduction II. Acute and Chronic Chemical Intoxications III. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Model of Sensitization to Organic Material IV. Carcinogens V. Infections and Infestations VI. The Pregnant Laboratory Worker VII. Accidents and Injuries by Physical Agents References Chapter Nine Medical Aspects of Occupational Health in a Laboratory Setting I. Introduction II. Components of Occupational Health Programs III. Personnel IV. Risk Assessment V. Occupational Health Program VI. Occupational Health Program Example VII. Conclusion VIII. Appendix References Chapter Ten Genetic Monitoring I. Introduction II. Economic Impact III. Test Systems for Determination of Mutagenicity IV. Test Systems for Determination of Carcinogenicity References Chapter Eleven Behavioral Factors in Laboratory Safety: Personnel Characteristics and the Modification of Unsafe Acts I. Behavioral Factors That Result in Accidents II. Task Factors Related to Accidents III. The Modification of Unsafe Behavior Patterns ReferencesAppendix: Classification of AgentsIndex

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