The Law for AI in Healthcare

This book presents a timely overview of how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming modern healthcare. Combining legal, ethical and practical viewpoints, it explores the impact of AI on patients, clinicians, healthcare organisations and regulators in the EU, UK and US. It delves into the fundamentals of clinical AI systems, explaining how they function and make decisions. It also addresses practical concerns such as safety, fairness, transparency and patient trust. Drawing on real-world examples, such as AI-assisted diagnosis, clinical decision-support tools and machine-learning programmes in hospitals, this book highlights the challenges of aligning law and policy with rapid technological advancements. Key topics explored include bias in medical algorithms, accountability for automation errors and the importance of patient autonomy and data rights for digitally enabled care. The book will appeal to students, policymakers, practitioners and anyone looking to understand the future law of AI in healthcare.

Man Teng Iong is an assistant professor at Faculty of Law, the University of Macau, specializing in health law, tort and contract law, and AI regulation. He holds a PhD in private law and publishes extensively on medical and legal topics.

Part I - Foundations (comparative, concise, consistent) 1. Introduction: Why AI in Healthcare Needs Law and Ethics? 2. AI in Healthcare: Concepts and Use-Cases 3. Regulatory Landscapes: EU, UK and US 4. Ethical Principles to Governance Tools Part II - Core Legal Risk Domains (Patient-Centered Sequence) 5. Data Governance and Privacy in AI-Enabled Care 6. Bias, Fairness and Algorithmic Accountability in Clinical AI 8. Liability, Safety and Oversight for AI in Healthcare Part III - Case Studies & Horizons 9. Frontier Applications: Generative AI and Extended Reality in Clinical Care 10. Future Directions and Closing Synthesis