Overtime

Overtime questions the conventional thinking that living longer means working longer, offering incisive new evidence for what the future of the American workforce will truly look like.

Lisa F. Berkman is Director of the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (HCPDS) and the Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Public Policy and of Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. She is an internationally recognized social epidemiologist whose work focuses extensively on social and policy influences on population health and health equity. Her research orients toward understanding inequalities in health related to working conditions, social and economic policies, and social networks and isolation.
Beth Truesdale is a research fellow at the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research and a visiting scientist at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. Dr. Truesdale is a sociologist whose research focuses on inequalities in work and aging, the future of retirement, and the effects of social institutions and public policies on Americans' well-being.

Acknowledgments
Contributors
Introduction: Is Working Longer in Jeopardy?
Lisa Berkman and Beth C. Truesdale
Part I. Who Has a Job? Labor Trends from Commuting Zones to Countries
Chapter 1: When I'm 54: Working Longer Starts Younger than We Think
Beth C. Truesdale, Lisa Berkman, and Alexandra Mitukiewicz
Chapter 2: The Geography of Retirement
Courtney C. Coile
Chapter 3: The European Context: Declining Health but Rising Labor Force Participation among the Middle-Aged
Axel Börsch-Supan, Irene Ferrari, Giacomo Pasini and Luca Salerno
Chapter 4: Work and Retirement in the U.S. after the COVID-19 Pandemic Shock
Richard B. Freeman
Part II. What's the Fit? Workers and Their Abilities, Motivations, and Expectations
Chapter 5: The Link between Health and Working Longer: Disparities in Work Capacity
Ben Berger, Italo Lopez-Garcia, Nicole Maestas, and Kathleen Mullen
Chapter 6: The Psychology of Working Longer
Margaret E. Beier and Meghan K. Davenport
Chapter 7: Forecasting Employment of the Older Population
Michael D. Hurd and Susann Rohwedder
Part III. Lived Experience: The Role of Occupations, Employers, and Families
Chapter 8: Dying with Your Boots On: The Realities of Working Longer in Low-Wage Work
Mary Gatta and Jessica Horning
Chapter 9: Ad Hoc, Limited, and Reactive: How Firms Respond to an Aging Workforce
Peter Berg and Matthew Piszczek
Chapter 10: How Caregiving for Parents Reduces Women's Employment: Patterns Across Sociodemographic Groups
Sean Fahle and Kathleen McGarry
Part IV. Politics and Policy: Where Population Aging Meets Rising Inequality
Chapter 11: Working Longer in an Age of Rising Economic Inequality
Gary Burtless
Chapter 12: How Does Social Security Reform Indecision Affect Younger Cohorts?
John B. Shoven, Sita Nataraj Slavov, and John G. Watson
Chapter 13: The Biased Politics of "Working Longer"
Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson
Conclusion: What Is the Way Forward?
Lisa Berkman, Beth C. Truesdale, and Alexandra Mitukiewicz