Phase Diagrams 6-II

Phase Diagrams: Materials Science and Technology, Volume II covers the use of phase diagrams in metals, refractories, ceramics, and cements. Divided into 10 chapters, this volume first describes the main features of phase diagrams representing systems in which the oxygen pressure is an important parameter, starting with binary systems and proceeding toward the more complicated ternary and quaternary systems. The subsequent chapters discuss the application of phase diagrams in several refractory systems. A chapter covers the procedures used for cement production and some of the available phase-equilibrium data and their application to specific situations. This volume also deals with the application of phase diagrams to extraction metallurgy, with an emphasis on oxide systems, as well as in ceramic and metal sintering. The concluding chapters explore the relationship of heat treatment of metals and alloys to their phase diagrams. These chapters also deal with the use of phase diagrams in several techniques of joining metals, such as fusion welding, brazing, solid-state bonding, and soldering. This volume will be useful to all scientists, engineers, and materials science students who are investigating and developing materials, as well as to the end users of the materials.

List of ContributorsForewordPrefaceContents of Other VolumesI. The Effect of Oxygen Pressure on Phase Relations in Oxide Systems I. Introduction II. Binary Systems III. Ternary Systems IV. Quaternary Systems V. General Considerations ReferencesII. The Relationship of Phase Diagrams to Constitution and Microstructure in Ceramic and Ceramic-Metal Systems I. Introduction II. Liquid Immiscibility in Silicate Melts III. Phase Equilibria in Basic Refractories IV. The Equilibrium Distribution of the Phases in Multiphase Bodies V. Phase Equilibria in Systems Containing a Gaseous Component ReferencesIII. The Use of Phase Diagrams in the Development and Use of Refractories I. Introduction II. The System Al203-Si02 III. Kinetic Limitations IV. Silica Brick V. The System FeO-Fe203-Si02 VI. Basic Refractories ReferencesIV. The Use of Phase Diagrams in Fusion-Cast Refractory Materials Research I. Introduction II. Systems Containing Complete Solid Solutions III. Systems Containing a Simple Eutectic and Partial Solid Solution IV. Comparison of Eutectic- and Peritectic-Containing Carbide-Graphite Systems V. Systems Where Nonequilibrium Phase Assemblages Are Prevalent VI. Systems Containing Liquid Immiscibility VII. Conclusions ReferencesV. Application of the Phase Rule to Cement Chemistry I. Introduction II. Calcium Aluminate Cements III. Portland Cements IV. Hydration of Cements ReferencesVI. Phase Diagrams in Extraction Metallurgy I. Introduction II. Oxide Systems ReferencesVII. Intermediate Phases in Metallic Phase Diagrams I. Introduction II. Thermodynamic Description of Phase Stability III. Types and Classification of Intermediate Phases IV. Bonding Mechanisms V. Metallic Valence VI. Atomic Sizes VII. Electrochemical Factors and Heats of Formation VIII. Compounds with Metallic Bonding-Electron Phases IX. Laves Phases X. Phases with Mixed Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonding XI. Phases with Fixed Stoichiometry XII. Coordination Structures XIII. Factors Governing the Crystal Structure XIV. Technological Aspects Related to Intermediate Phases XV. Enhancement of Properties with Dispersed Intermediate Phases XVI. Some Detrimental Effects XVII. Semiempirical Guidelines Related to Phase Precipitation and Phase Stability XVIII. Some Nonferrous Alloys ReferencesVIII. The Use of Phase Diagrams in the Sintering of Ceramics and Metals I. Introduction II. Review of Sintering Theory III. Sintering of Solid Solutions IV. Sintering in Multiphase Systems V. Summary ReferencesIX. Phase Diagrams and the Heat Treatment of Metals I. Introduction II. Heat Treatments within Phase Fields III. Heat Treatment involving Phase Transformation IV. Heat Treatment involving Composition Changes ReferencesX. The Use of Phase Diagrams in the Joining of Metals I. Introduction II. Fusion Welding III. Brazing IV. Solid State Bonding V. Soldering VI. Metal-Ceramic Seals