Erard

Sébastien Erard's (1752-1831) inventions have had an enormous impact on instruments and musical life and are still at the foundation of piano building today. Drawing on an unusually rich set of archives from both the Erard firm and the Erard family, author Robert Adelson shows how the Erardpiano played an important and often leading role in the history of the instrument, beginning in the late eighteenth century and continuing into the final decades of the nineteenth. The Erards were the first piano builders in France to prioritise the more sonorous grand piano, sending gifts of their new model to both Haydn and Beethoven. Erard's famous double-escapement action, which improved the instrument's response while at the same time producing a more powerful tone, revolutionised both piano construction and repertoire. Thanks to these inventions, the Erard firm developed close relationships with the greatest pianist composers of the nineteenth century, including Hummel, Liszt, Moscheles and Mendelssohn. The book also presents new evidence concerning PierreErard's homosexuality, which helps us to understand his reluctance to found a family to carry on the Erard tradition, a reluctance that would spell the end of the golden era of the firm and lead to its eventual demise. The book closes with the story of Pierre's widow Camille, who directed the firmfrom 1855 until 1889. Her influential position in the male-dominated world of instrument building was unique for a woman of her time.

Robert Adelson is Professor of Organology and Music History at the Conservatoire de Nice-Université Côte d'Azur. Between 2005 and 2016 he was curator of the collection of historical musical instruments at the Musée du Palais Lascaris in Nice and since 2017 he is curator of the Camac collection of historical harps. His numerous publications explore the history of the piano and the harp, opera and the sociology of music. In 2019, he received the Frances Densmore Prize, awarded by the American Musical Instrument Society.

Figures
Abbreviations
Editorial note
Erard family tree
Introduction
Acknowledgements
1. Making a harpsichord sound like a piano
2. Founding a workshop
3. Square pianos and piano-organs
4. A modern business
5. Harps, the Revolution and London
6. The French grand piano
7. Gifts for Haydn, Beethoven and many others
8. Financial struggles
9. Faster and louder: the double-escapement action
10. Liszt and the introduction of the new piano
11. Piano wars
12. Family strains and secrets
13. Mendelssohn and the Erards
14. Passing the flame
15. Camille Erard and the end of the Erard Empire
Afterword
Notes
Bibliography