Transforming Europe Through Crises

'How many Europes?' is a critical question that led to several attempts to analyse European crises and transformations globally. This book builds upon the argument that Europe cannot be reduced to a singular dynamic, identity or vision, but rather provides a four-fold taxonomy: Thin, Thick, Parochial and Global Europe. The book contributors aim to respond to the emerging necessity to incorporate both the parochial dynamics unmaking Europe and the globalist dynamics decentering Europe into the analysis of European crises and transformations in diverse sectors ranging from security and foreign policy to the rule of law and democracy. Accordingly, this book is unpacking Europe in a time of severe crises facing the EU-such as Brexit, the Syrian refugee crisis, Catalan secessionism, the rise of far right, and terrorism-, which have accelerated the resurgence of formerly marginalized and repressed dynamics as influential trends in national, regional and global politics. It reveals an ongoing hegemonic struggle over the representation of Europe among 'many Europes' involving two separate integrationist models of regionalization -or 'Europe-making'- and two distinct dynamics that have sought to fragment and de-centre the European Union through nationalism and globalism respectively. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of European Politics and Society.

Didem Buhari holds a PhD from Royal Holloway, University of London, UK. She is Associate Professor of International Relations at Izmir Katip Çelebi University. She is the author of Europeanization in a Global Context: Integrating Turkey into the World Polity (2017) and coedited several books on Europe and globalization. Christian Kaunert is Professor of International Security at Dublin City University, Ireland. He is also Professor of Policing and Security, as well as Director of the International Centre for Policing and Security at the University of South Wales. In addition, he is Jean Monnet Chair, Director of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence and Director of the Jean Monnet Network on EU Counter- Terrorism (www.eucter.net). Seckin Baris Gulmez is Associate Professor of International Relations at Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Turkey. He holds a PhD from Royal Holloway, University of London, UK. He has published texts on diplomacy, foreign policy and Europe. He worked as a post- doctoral researcher for the EU- funded project FEUTURE at Koç University and as a teaching fellow at University of Warwick.

Introduction Transforming Europe through crises: thin, thick, parochial and global dynamics 1. Theorizing many Europes: a four- fold taxonomy 2. The EU's 'actions- without- sanctions'? The politics of the rule of law crisis in many Europes 3. Thick Europe, ontological security and parochial Europe: the re- emergence of far- right extremism and terrorism after the refugee crisis of 2015 4. 'Europe' of populist radical right and the case of Lega of Salvini: pioneer of a 'Parochial Europe'? 5. The EEAS navigating foreign policy paradigms 6. The high representative's role in EU countering terrorism: policy entrepreneurship and thick, thin and global Europe 7. 'Many Europes' vs. secessionism: the case of Catalonia 8. The EU's response to the Syrian refugee crisis: a battleground among many Europes