Associative Democracy and the Crises of Representative Democracies

The familiar problems of democratic capitalism have given way to a deep crisis challenging the basic forms of governance introduced around the late 18th century and then gradually expanded and developed until the late 20th century. Associative Democracy and the Crises of Representative Democracies argues that we are in urgent need of normative guidelines and a strong understanding of a broad range of institutional options and innovative experiments in associative democracy in order to address the structural problems that existing institutional arrangements are confronted with whilst maintaining and strengthening democratic forms of government and governance. The argument is developed against the background of a thorough survey of empirical social scientific studies on the crises of capitalisms and representative democracies. This book focuses primarily on democratic alternatives, though it also works out principles and institutions of democratic socialism as alternatives to capitalism. After introducing the theoretical approach, the book illustrates the ways this framework of analysis can be of use, with particular focus on three issues that are highly topical when it comes to the challenges our institutions are confronted with: democratic governance in relation to ecological crises and uncertainty; the threats to democracy raised by the crisis of political parties and representative party-democracy, and the challenges related to privatization and marketization of public services, particularly in healthcare. The book concludes by exploring opportunities to democratize the economy, locating viable alternatives to capitalism in the tradition of democratic socialism. This urgent and thought-provoking book will be of great interest to academics and students in various disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, including political science, sociology, and economics.

Veit Bader is Emeritus Professor of Sociology and of Social and Political Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, where he was also a member of the Institute of Migration and Ethnic Studies (IMES). His research interests include critical political economy, critical social theory, social inequalities and collective action, democracy and the rule of law, legal theory, associative democracy, race, ethnicity and citizenship, multi-culturalism, ethics of migration and incorporation of minorities, global justice, and governance of religious diversity. He is author of several books, including Secularism or Democracy? Associational Governance of Religious Diversity (2007), and co-editor of Associative Democracy: The Real Third Way (Routledge, 2001), and Parties, Partisanship and Political Theory (Routledge, 2014). He has also led two European FP7 projects, RELIGARE (Religious Diversity and Models of Secularism in Europe 2009 - 2013) and ACCEPT (Tolerance, Pluralism and Cohesion 2009 - 2013). Marcel Maussen is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, where he is also a member of the Challenges to Democratic Representation program group. His research interests include the accommodation of religious diversity, particularly that of Islam, in Western Europe, democratic theory, and the governance of diversity, including issues related to free speech, non-discrimination and anti-racism He is the author of several journal articles and chapters in edited volumes and is co-editor of Legal Practice and Cultural Diversity (Routledge, 2009), Regulation of Speech in Multicultural Societies (Routledge, 2015), and Religious Schools in Europe: Institutional Opportunities and Contemporary Challenges (Routledge, 2016).

Introduction 1. Crises of democratic capitalism and prospects for democracy 2. A theory of complex democracy: Setting the stage 3. Democracy or expertocracy? Ecological crises and ecological democracy 4. Crisis of political parties and representative democracies: Rethinking parties in associational, experimentalist governance 5. Democratizing healthcare 6. Democratizing the economy: Institutionalizing alternatives to 'capitalism as we know it'