Viennese composers

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 95. Chapters: Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Antonio Salieri, Joseph Haydn, Johannes Brahms, Franz Schubert, Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Franz Schmidt, Anton Bruckner, Johann Strauss II, Ernst Toch, Alexander von Zemlinsky, Franz von Suppé, Franz Lehár, Josef Strauss, Karl Michael Ziehrer, Joseph Lanner, Hans Rott, Ignaz Brüll, Eduard Strauss, Johann Rufinatscha, Oscar Straus, Fred Raymond, Ferdinand Schubert, Ludwig Engländer, Karel Komzák II, Carl Zeller, Johann Strauss III, Ignaz von Seyfried, Karl Millöcker, Alois Kaiser, Hermann Graedener, August Lanner, Heinrich Proch, Georg Reutter, Wenzel Raimund Birck, Rudolf Sieczynski, Hugo Reinhold, Gustav Pick. Excerpt: Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized 17 December 1770-26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. The crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time. Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in present-day Germany, Beethoven moved to Vienna in his early 20s, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. His hearing began to deteriorate in the late 1790s, yet he continued to compose, conduct, and perform, even after becoming completely deaf. Prince-Elector's Palace (Kurfürstliches Schloss) in Bonn, where the Beethoven family had been active since the 1730s House of birth, Bonn, Bonngasse 20, now the Beethoven-Haus museumBeethoven was the grandson of a musician of Flemish origin named Lodewijk van Beethoven (1712-73). Beethoven was named after his grandfather, as Lodewijk is the Dutch cognate of Ludwig. Beethoven's grandfather was employed as a bass singer at the court of the Elector of Cologne, rising to become Kapellmeister (music director). He had one son, Johann van Beethoven (1740-1792), who worked as a tenor in the same musical establishment, also giving lessons on piano and violin to supplement his income. Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich in 1767; she was the daughter of Johann Heinrich Keverich, who had been the head chef at the court of the Archbishopric of Trier. Beethoven was born of this marriage in Bonn. There is no authentic record of his birthday; however, the registry of his baptism, in a Roman Catholic service at the Parish of St. Regius on 17 December, 1770, survives. As children of that era were traditionally baptised the day after birth in the Catholic Rhine country, and it is known that Beethoven's family and his teacher Johann Albrechtsberger celebrated his birthday on 16 December, most scholars accept 16 Decembe