Remaking the Readymade

Replication and originality are central concepts in the artistic oeuvres of Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray. Remaking the Readymade reveals the underlying and previously unexplored processes and rationales for the collaboration between Duchamp, Man Ray, and Arturo Schwarz on the replication of readymades and objects. The 1964 editioned replicas of the readymades sent shock waves through the art world. Even though the replicas undermined ideas of authorship and problematized the notion of identity and the artist, they paradoxically shared in the aura of the originals, becoming stand-ins for the readymades. Scholar-poet-dealer Arturo Schwarz played a crucial role, opening the door to joint or alternate authorship-an outstanding relationship between artist and dealer. By unearthing previously unpublished correspondence and documentary materials and combining this material with newly conducted exclusive interviews with key participants, Remaking the Readymade details heretofore unrevealed aspects of the technical processes involved in the (re)creation of iconic, long-lost Dada objects. Launched on the heels of the centenary of Duchamp's Fountain, this new analysis intensifies and complicates our understanding of Duchamp and Man Ray' initial conceptions, and raises questions about replication and authorship that will stimulate significant debate about the legacy of the artists, the continuing significance of their works, and the meaning of terms such as creativity, originality, and value in the formation of art.

Adina Kamien-Kazhdan, PhD, is David Rockefeller Senior Curator, The Stella Fischbach Department of Modern Art at The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.

Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction PART I Replication in the 20th Century and the Galleria Schwarz Chapter 1 Replication: Motivations, Terms, and Issues Replication: Terms and Definitions Replication: Why and When? Multiples of the 1950s and 1960s: New Initiatives of Artists and Dealers The Replica's Aura: Legal and Theoretical Questions Chapter 2 Galleria Schwarz Arturo Schwarz: From Alexandria to Milan The Libreria-Galleria Schwarz Views on Dada and Surrealism Schwarz, Breton, and Trotsky Judaism, Kabbalah, and Alchemy Collection and Donation PART II Replication in the Oeuvre of Duchamp and Man Ray Chapter 3 Duchamp: "Not an Original in the Conventional Sense" Duchamp and the Readymade Duchamp and Replication Duchamp Replicators 1950-1966 Chapter 4 Man Ray: Objects to Multiples Multiform Man Ray Exhibitions and Reputation "Objects of My Affection" Duchamp-Man Ray Creative Exchange Replication of Man Ray's Objects Pre-Schwarz PART II Commissioning and Making of the Editioned Replicas Chapter 5 Mirrorical Return: Marcel Duchamp's Editioned Readymades Arturo Schwarz: The Complete Works of Marcel DuchampInitial Joint Projects: The Erotic Objects Exhibitions at Galleria Schwarz and Commissioning of Replicas Replication Process Case by Case Analysis of the 1964-65 Editions Chapter 6 The "Indestructible" Man Ray Man Ray and Schwarz: The Rigour of ImaginationExhibitions at Galleria Schwarz and Commissioning of Replicas Replication Process: Case by CaseOther Editors of Man Ray's Objects Chapter 7 Reception of the Editioned Replicas Duchamp: The Value of the Readymade and its Replicas Critical Reception of the 1964 Editions Impact on Artists and Scholarship Art Market History and Museum Purchasing Policies Conclusion Bibliography I Unpublished Correspondence II Interviews III General IV Publications by Arturo Schwarz Appendix A Marcel Duchamp - original to replica tables B Man Ray - original to replica tables