Advances in Biomedical Engineering

Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Volume 2, is a collection of papers that discusses the basic sciences, the applied sciences of engineering, the medical sciences, and the delivery of health services. One paper discusses the models of adrenal cortical control, including the secretion and metabolism of cortisol (the controlled process), as well as the initiation and modulation of secretion of ACTH (the controller). Another paper discusses hospital computer systems-application problems, objective evaluation of technology, and multiple pathways for future hospital computer applications. The possible information paths of an orthotic or prosthetic systems using computing ability include the following components: signal sources, transducers, signal processors, output systems, feedback receptors, and local feedback. Ultrasound energy is a powerful diagnostic tool since it is nondestructive and has asertainability characteristics. The medical technician or researcher can also use gas-phase analytical instruments and analytical systems in investigative chemical methods involving microgram, nanogram or pictogram amounts of individual organic compounds. The collection is suitable for biochemists, microbiologists, bio-engineers, and investigators whose works involve biomedical engineering and physiological research.

ContributorsPrefaceContents of Volume 1Models of Adrenal Cortical Control I. Introduction II. The Controlled Process: Secretion and Metabolism of Cortisol III. The Controller: Initiation and Modulation of Secretion of ACTH ReferencesHospital Computer Systems-A Review of Usage and Future Requirements after a Decade of Overpromise and Underachievement I. Introduction II. The Crucial Applications Problem-What Features of Hospital Operation Comprise Appropriate Entries for Computer Systems Applications III. The Inexorable Penetration of Technology in the Hospital: The Relative Developmental Status of Applications-A Qualitative Appraisal IV. The Crucial Need for Objective Evaluation of Technology in the Hospital V. The Larger Dimension: The Microsystem and the Macrosystem-The Patient Care Process and the Total Care System VI. Multiple Pathways for Future Hospital Computer Applications and Major Uncertainties VII. Disconnections between the Patient Care Process and Hospital Administration Influencing Computer Applications VIII. A Poorly Recognized Linkage-The Relationship of the Physician's Care Decisions and the Institutional Service Delivery System IX. The Impact of Oversimplified Conceptual Care Models-The Physician's Model and the Engineer's Model X. Inopportune Polarization of Hospital Computer Application Developers XI. The Pyramidal Nature of the Physician Ordering Process XII. An Operational Example of Care Process Surveillance: The System Function and Hardware and Software Support XIII. An Annotated Bibliography Illustrative of the Scope of Hospital Computer Research and Development That Is Health Service Oriented XIV. A Consolidated Analysis of Care Process Computer Applications, Their Status, and Their Special Requirements XV. Caveats and Imperatives Relevant to Hospital Computer Developments XVI. The Final Imperative: The Expansion, Refinement, and Control of Health Care Service Systems-An Inevitable Computer-Dependent Goal XVII. Summary ReferencesDevelopment of Feedback Control Prosthetic and Orthotic Devices I. Introduction II. The O/P Man-Machine System III. The Human Hand and Its Replacement IV. The Arm and Its Replacement V. The Elbow VI. Northwestern University Above-Elbow Myoelectric Prosthesis VII. The Orthopaedic Bio-Engineering Unit, Princess Margaret Rose Orthopaedic Hospital, Edinburgh VIII. The Boston Elbow IX. Modular Externally Powered System for Limb Prostheses X. Lower-Extremity Prostheses XI. Feedback in Externally Powered Orthotic Systems XII. Contemporary Externally Powered Orthotic Systems XIII. Functional Electrical Stimulation ReferencesUltrasound as a Diagnostic Tool I. Introduction II. Fundamentals of Ultrasound Propagation III. Basic Instrumentation Techniques Utilizing Ultrasonic Energy for Diagnostic Purposes IV. Hazards of Ultrasonic Energy V. Application of Ultrasound in Diagnostic Procedures VI. Summary ReferencesGas-Phase Analytical Methods and Instruments I. Introduction II. Chromatography: The Separation of Organic Compounds III. Gas Chromatographic Methods and Instruments ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index