Theory of Particulate Processes

Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization describes the complexity of crystal size distribution (CSD), secondary nucleation, and growth mechanisms. This book is divided into 10 chapters that present a generalization from CSD studies as a unified predictive theory of particulate systems. After an introduction to CSD and particle-size distribution systems, this book goes on examining several empirical, one-dimensional distribution functions suitable for the latter system. The next chapter presents a unified theory for multidimensional particle distributions which can be used to analyze and predict such distributions in certain regular, well-defined processes. These topics are followed by a survey on how the size distribution of the product of a continuous mixed-suspension, mixed product-removal crystallizer is obtained. Other chapters describe special cases, which apparently obtain in real systems, including effects of classification, poor mixing, crystal breakage, staging, and size-dependent growth. The remaining chapters deal with the ramification of secondary nucleation as contrasted with homogeneous nucleation. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Particle-Size Distribution 1.2 Crystal-Size Distribution 1.3 Comminution Processes 1.4 Other Particulate Processes ReferenceChapter 2. Particle Distributions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Representation of Distributions 2.3 Properties from the Particle Distribution 2.4 Summary Nomenclature ReferenceChapter 3. The Population Balance 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Particle Phase Space 3.3 Population Fluxes: Convection, Birth, and Death 3.4 Particle-Number Continuity Equation 3.5 Population Balance over a Macroscopic External Coordinate Region 3.6 Moment Transformation of Population Balance 3.7 Macro-Moment Equations 3.8 Recovery of the Particle-Size Distribution Function from the Moments 3.9 Summary Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 4. The Steady-State MSMPR Crystallizer 4.1 Definition of System and Constraints 4.2 The Crystal Population Balance 4.3 Significance of the Distribution Representation 4.4 The Exponential Distribution 4.5 The Mass Balance 4.6 Summary NomenclatureChapter 5. The Unsteady State 5.1 Dynamic Population Balance 5.2 CSD Transients 5.3 Transient Moment Equations 5.4 Transient Size Distribution by Method of Characteristics 5.5 Stability of CSD 5.6 Summary Nomenclature ReferenceChapter 6. Crystallization Kinetics 6.1 Nucleation 6.2 Secondary Nucleation 6.3 Crystal Growth 6.4 Summary Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 7. Effects of Formation and Growth Kinetics on Particle-Size Distribution 7.1 Effect of Supersaturation of CSD 7.2 Effect of Suspended Solids on CSD 7.3 Effects of Secondary Nucleation 7.4 Effects of Size-Dependent Growth Kinetics 7.5 Effect of Crystal FractureChapter 8. Variations in Residence-Time Distributions 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Growth-Type Crystallizer 8.3 Fines Destruction 8.4 Classified Product Removal 8.5 Crystallizer Cascades 8.6 Batch Crystallizers 8.7 Summary ReferencesChapter 9. Kinetic Data from MSMPR Crystallizers 9.1 Features of the Apparatus 9.2 Physical Features of the MSMPR Crystallizer 9.3 Measurement of Size Distribution 9.4 Reported Data 9.5 Crystallization with Additives 9.6 Automatic Particle Counting in a Continuous Mixed System 9.7 Summary ReferencesChapter 10. Application to Other Systems 10.1 Comminution Processes 10.2 Emulsion Polymerization 10.3 Microbial Populations 10.4 Particle Agglomeration 10.5 Residence-Time Distributions 10.6 Dispersed-Phase Mixing 10.7 Demographic Analysis 10.8 Summary ReferencesAppendix A. Dimensionless Weight-Fraction FunctionAppendix B. Problems 2 Particle Distributions 3 The Population Balance 4 The Steady-State MSMPR Crystallizer 5 The Unsteady State 7 Effects of Formation and Growth Kinetics on Particle-Size Distribution 8 Variations in Residence-Time DistributionsAppendix C. Solution of the Population Balance for Size DistributionAppendix D. Selected Bibliography I Books II Population Balances III Crystal-Size Distribution IV Dynamics and Stability of Crystallizers V Nucleation-Growth Rate Kinetics VI Grinding ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index