Beyond the Learned Academy

The tremendous growth of the mathematical sciences in the early modern world was reflected contemporaneously in an increasingly sophisticated level of practical mathematics in fields such as merchants' accounts, instrument making, teaching, navigation, and gauging. In many ways, mathematics shaped the knowledge culture of the age, infiltrating workshops, dockyards, and warehouses, before extending through the factories of the Industrial Revolution to the trading companies and banks of the nineteenth century.
While theoretical developments in the history of mathematics have been made the topic of numerous scholarly investigations, in many cases based around the work of key figures such as Descartes, Huygens, Leibniz, or Newton, practical mathematics, especially from the seventeenth century onwards, has been largely neglected.
The present volume, comprising fifteen essays by leading authorities in the history of mathematics, seeks to fill this gap by exemplifying the richness, diversity, and breadth of mathematical practice from the seventeenth century through to the middle of the nineteenth century.

Philip Beeley studied philosophy, mathematics, and history of exact sciences and technology at the University College of North Wales, and at the Technische Universität in Berlin, gaining his PhD in 1993. He held posts at the University of Hamburg and University of Münster before coming to Oxford in 2007. He is the former President of the British Society for the History of Mathematics and is a member of the International Academy of the History of Science.
Christopher Hollings studied mathematics at the University of York, gaining his PhD in 2007. He has held post-doctoral positions in mathematics at the universities of Lisbon and Manchester, before moving to Oxford in 2010 as a researcher in the history of mathematics.

1: Philip Beeley and Christopher Hollings: Introduction
Part I - Navigation, Seafaring, Warfare
2: Jim Bennett: 'Mecanicall Practises Drawne from the Artes Mathematick': the Mathematical Identity of the Elizabethan Navigator John Davis
3: Margaret E. Schotte: Navigation Exams in the Early Modern Period
4: Rebekah Higgitt: Mathematical Examiners at Trinity House: Teaching and Examining Mathematics for Navigation in London During the Long Eighteenth Century
5: João Caramalho Domingues: What Mathematics for Portuguese Military Engineers? From the Class of Fortification to the Military Academy of Lisbon
Part II - Professions, Societies, and Cultures of Mathematics
6: Sloan Evans Despeaux and Brigitte Stenhouse: Mathematical Men in Humble Life: Philomaths from North-west England as Editors of 'Questions for Answer' Journals
7: Benjamin Wardhaugh: Collection, Use, Dispersal: The Library of Charles Hutton and the Fate of Georgian Mathematics
8: Christopher D. Hollings: Mathematics at the Literary and Philosophical Societies
9: David R. Bellhouse: The Evolution of Actuarial Science to 1848
Part III - Mathematical Practitioners and their Scientific Milieus
10: Stefano Gulizia: Assembling the Scribal Self: Gian Vincenzo Pinelli's Circle and Mathematical Practitioners in the Veneto, c. 1580-1606
11: Philip Beeley: Mathematical Businesses: Seventeenth-Century Practitioners and their Academic Friends
12: Thomas Morel: 'All of This Was Born on Paper': The Mathematics of Tunnelling in Eighteenth-Century Metallic Mines
Part IV - The Practice and Teaching of Mathematics
13: Ivo Schneider: Climbing the Social Ladder: Johannes Faulhaber's Path from Schoolmaster to Fortification Engineer
14: Albrecht Heeffer: The Difficult Relation of Surveyors with Algebra: The Hundred Mathematical Questions of Cardinael
15: Boris Jardine: The Life Mathematick: John and Euclid Speidell, and the Centrality of Instruments in Seventeenth-Century Pedagogy
16: Mark McCartney: James Thomson Senior and Mathematics at the Belfast Academical Institution, 1814-1832