Business Turn in American Religious History

Business has received little attention in American religious history, although it has profound implications for understanding the sustained popularity and ongoing transformation of religion in the United States. This volume offers a wide ranging exploration of the business aspects of American religious organizations. The authors analyze the financing, production, marketing, and distribution of religious goods and services and the role of wealth and economic organization in sustaining and even shaping worship, charity, philanthropy, institutional growth, and missionary work. Treating religion and business holistically, their essays show that American religious life has always been informed by business practices. Laying the groundwork for further investigation, the authors show how American business has functioned as a domain for achieving religious goals. Indeed they find that religion has historically been more powerful when interwoven with business.Chapters on Mormon enterprise, Jewish philanthropy, Hindu gurus, Native American casinos, and the wedding of business wealth to conservative Catholic social teaching demonstrate the range of new studies stimulated by the business turn in American religious history. Other chapters show how evangelicals joined neo-liberal economic practice and right-wing politics to religious fundamentalism to consolidate wealth and power, and how they developed marketing campaigns and organizational strategies that transformed the American religious landscape. Included are essays exposing the moral compromises religious organizations have made to succeed as centers of wealth and influence, and the religious beliefs that rationalize and justify these compromises. Still others examine the application of business practices as a means of sustaining religious institutions and expanding their reach, and look at controversies over business practices within religious organizations, and the adjustments such organizations have made in response. Together, the essays collected here offer new ways of conceptualizing the interdependence of religion and business in the United States, establishing multiple paths for further study of their intertwined historical development.

Amanda Porterfield is the Robert A. Spivey Professor of Religion and History at Florida State University. She is the author of several books in American religious history and the history of Christianity, including Corporate Spirit: Religion's Role in the Long History Behind Corporate America, forthcoming from Oxford University Press.
John Corrigan is the Lucius Moody Bristol Distinguished Professor of Religion and Professor of History at Florida State University. He is author or editor of several books, including The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Emotion.
Darren E. Grem is an Assistant Professor of History and Southern Studies at the University of Mississippi. He is the author of The Blessings of Business: How Corporations Shaped Conservative Christianity (Oxford University Press, 2016).

- Preface: Business, Religion, History, and Consilience
- Robert E. Wright
- Introduction: The Business Turn in American Religious History
- John Corrigan, Darren Grem, and Amanda Porterfield
- Believing within Business: Evangelicalism, Media, and Financial Faith
- Daniel Vaca
- Fundamentalism and the Business Turn
- Timothy Gloege
- Godly Work for a Global Christianity: American Christians' Economic Impact through Missions, Markets and International Development
- David P. King
- Approaching Zion: Mormon Ambivalence about Capitalism
- Matthew Bowman
- A Business Turn in American Jewish Religious History: Women and the Emergence of Popular Philanthropy
- Deborah Skolnick Einhorn
- The Business of Asian Religions: Guru Entrepreneurs and Godmen CEOs
- Michael J. Altman
- Hunting Buffalo In Oklahoma: Native American Casinos, Constructed Identities, and Portrayals of Native Culture and Religion
- Angela Tarango
- St. Homobonus Shepherds the CEOs: Doing Good versus Doing (Really) Well
- Paula Kane
- Afterword
- James Hudnut-Beumler
- Notes