Radar Signals

Radar Signals: An Introduction to Theory and Application introduces the reader to the basic theory and application of radar signals that are designated as large time-bandwidth or pulse-compression waveforms. Topics covered include matched filtering and pulse compression; optimum predetection processing; the radar ambiguity function; and the linear frequency modulation waveform and matched filter. Parameter estimation and discrete coded waveforms are also discussed, along with the effects of distortion on matched-filter signals. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with an overview of the concepts and techniques of pulse compression matched filtering, with emphasis on coding source and decoding device. The discussion then turns to the derivation of the matched-filter properties in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio; analysis of radar ambiguity function using the principle of stationary phase; parameter estimation and the method of maximum likelihood; and measurement accuracies of matched-filter radar signals. Waveform design criteria for multiple and dense target environments are also considered. The final chapter describes a number of techniques for designing microwave dispersive delays. This monograph will be a useful resource for graduate students and practicing engineers in the field of radar system engineering.

PrefaceList of SymbolsChapter 1. The Basic Elements of Matched Filtering and Pulse Compression 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Matched-Filter Concept 1.3 The Pulse-Compression Concept-Historical Background 1.4 The Pulse-Compression Concept-A Heuristic Development of the Significant Parameters 1.5 The Matched-Filter Characteristics for a General FM Pulse-Compression Signal ReferencesChapter 2. Optimum Predetection Processing-Matched-Filter Theory 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Signal-to-Noise Criterion 2.3 The Likelihood Criterion-Statistical Decision Theory 2.4 The Likelihood Criterion-Parameter Estimation Theory 2.5 Inverse Probability ReferencesChapter 3. Matched-Filter Requirements for Arbitrary FM Pulse-Compression Signals 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Principle of Stationary Phase 3.3 Application of Principle of Stationary Phase to General Pulse-Compression Signals 3.4 Waveform Design Applications to FM Pulse-Compression Signals 3.5 The Matched-Filter Ambiguity Function ReferencesChapter 4. The Radar Ambiguity Function 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Complex Waveform Representation 4.3 The Doppler Approximation 4.4 The General Ambiguity Function Formulation 4.5 Properties of the Ambiguity Function 4.6 The Uniqueness Theorem 4.7 Volume Free Area and Average Sidelobe Level 4.8 An Expansion Theorem for Ambiguity Functions 4.9 The Ambiguity Function Close to the Origin 4.10 Generalized Waveform Uncertainty Principle 4.11 The Time Resolution Constant 4.12 Ambiguity Function Examples 4.13 The Principle of Stationary Phase Applied to Ambiguity Function Analysis 4.14 Summary ReferencesChapter 5. Parameter Estimation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Radar Parameters 5.3 The Problem of Parameter Estimation 5.4 The Cramér-Rao Inequality 5.5 Sample Space 5.6 Joint Radar Parameter Estimation Errors as Seen by an Unbiased Estimator 5.7 The Theoretical RMS Bandwidth for Signals that Exhibit Step Discontinuous Amplitude and/or Phase Characteristics 5.8 The Method of Maximum Likelihood ReferencesChapter 6. The Linear FM Waveform and Matched Filter 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Linear FM Matched-Filter Waveform 6.3 Linear FM Matched-Filter Characteristics 6.4 The Ideal vs the Practical Matched Filter 6.5 Generating the Linear FM Matched-Filter Signal 6.6 Effect of Linear Delay Mismatch on the Compressed-Pulse Signal 6.7 Large Time-Bandwidth Techniques 6.8 Doppler Shift Distortion of Large Time-Bandwidth Linear FM Signals ReferencesChapter 7. Matched-Filter Waveform Considerations-Range Sidelobe Reduction 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Spectrum Amplitude Functions for Desirable Matched-Filter Waveform Properties 7.3 Comparison of Time Weighting and Frequency Weighting for Linear FM Sidelobe Reduction 7.4 Effect of Weighting on Matched-Filter Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio 7.5 Spectrum Weighting Data-Compressed-Pulse Waveform Characteristics 7.6 Effect of Exact Linear FM Spectrum on the Weighted Compressed Pulse 7.7 FM Predistortion 7.8 Realization of Weighting Function Responses by Transversal Filtering 7.9 Nonlinear FM Matched Filters for Sidelobe Reduction ReferencesChapter 8. Discrete Coded Waveforms 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Constant Carrier Pulse Trains (Group I) 8.3 Binary Phase Codes (Group II) 8.4 Polyphase Codes (Group II) 8.5 Discrete Frequency Sequences (Group III) 8.6 Matched Filters for Discrete Coded Signals 8.7 Doppler Correction of Discrete Coded Signals 8.8 Summary ReferencesChapter 9. The Measurement Accuracies of Matched-Filter Radar Signals-Waveform Design Criteria 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Minimum Time and Frequency Error Variances for Some Large Time-Bandwidth Radar Signals 9.3 The Effect of Range-Doppler Coupling on Theoretical Measurement Errors 9.