Clematographic Techniques in biology and medicine

Cinematographic Techniques in Biology and Medicine gives a general survey of the many possibilities encompassing the utilization of cinematographic techniques in biomedical laboratory. In general, the book addresses the "how and "why of various cinematographic techniques in the biomedical field. First, the book describes the various features of cinematographic technique, including the motion picture film, camera, filming, editing, and projection. Then, the concept of television in biology and medicine is described, as the television has become increasingly important in the area of instruction. This book allows the scientists to gain knowledge on motion picture technology and television, as both techniques can be useful in the biomedical field.

List of Contributors PrefacePart One: The Motion Picture Film Chapter 1. The Film I. Definitions II. Bases III. Emulsion IV. Antihalation Backing V. Anticurl VI. Edge Numbering VII. Film Sizes VIII. Which Format to Use? References Chapter 2. Classification of Films I. Black and White Films II. Color Films References Chapter 3. Handling, Storing, and Processing Film I. Handling and Storing Film II. Small-Volume Processing References Chapter 4. The Film Laboratory I. Introduction II. Processing III. Printing IV. Sound Services V. Editorial Services VI. Quality ControlPart Two: The Motion Picture Camera Chapter 5. Principles and Definitions I. General Considerations II. Theoretical Description of the Camera III. Camera Accessories IV. Use and Maintenance of Cameras and Objectives Chapter 6. Description of Some Commercial Cameras I. Super 8 Cameras II. 16 mm Cameras III. 35 mm Cameras IV. Selection of a Camera ReferencesPart Three : Filming Chapter 7. Lighting I. Sources of Light II. Types of Light III. Lighting Equipment IV. Types of Illumination References Chapter 8. Exposure Determination and Exposure Meters I. Introduction II. Film Characteristics That Affect Exposure III. Lighting and Illumination Factors Which Affect Exposure IV. Exposure Meters V. Techniques of Making Exposure Measurements VI. Camera and Lens Factors in Making Exposures VII. Test Exposures References Chapter 9. Synchronization of the Motion Picture Camera with External Devices I. Definitions and Examples II. Techniques References Chapter 10. Time-Lapse Cinematography I. Principles II. Time-Lapse Frequencies III. Technique IV. Special Considerations on Time-Lapse Cinemicrography References Chapter 11. High-Speed Cinematography of the Microcirculation I. Introduction II. Optical Supporting System III. Light Sources IV. Collimating Lenses and Heat Filters V. Substage, Condenser, and Iris Diaphragm VI. Stage VII. Microscope and Mounting VIII. Cameras and Mounting IX. The Optical Magnification System X. Film Exposure XI. Tissues Available for Study XII. Techniques Used in Cinematographic Study of the Mesentery and Omentum References Chapter 12. Adaptation of the Motion Picture Camera to Extreme Close-Up I. Introduction II. Basic Features of a Camera for Cinemacrography III. Description of some Commercial Cameras Specially Designed for Cinemacrography IV. A Few Examples Chapter 13. Adaptation of the Motion Picture Camera to the Microscope I. General Requirements II. Lighting III. Vibrations IV. Possible Arrangements V. Optical Connection between Camera and Microscope VI. Exposure Determination VII. Film Sizes and Types VIII. Processing 201 References Chapter 14. Oscilloscope Cameras and Continuous Recording I. Definitions II. General Description of the Continuous Recording Camera III. Film Stocks References Chapter 15. Cinematography in Gross Anatomy Teaching I. Purpose and Use of Films II. Techniques Chapter 16. Cineradiography-X-Ray Cinematography I. Introduction II. Equipment III. Clinical Uses of Cineradiography References Chapter 17. Identification of Films: Titles I.