Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

The new edition of the acclaimed reference text on the most critical tool in pediatric cardiology practice Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease provides comprehensive guidance on the use of non-invasive ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cardiac conditions. Written by a team of experts from the world's leading pediatric cardiology centers, this highly-illustrated, full-color reference covers anatomy, pathophysiology, ultrasound physics, laboratory setup, patient preparation and safety, pediatric echocardiogram protocols, quantitative methods of echocardiographic evaluation, and more. Offering a wealth of additional material on state-of-the-art techniques and technologies in echocardiography, the thoroughly revised third edition features entirely new chapters on examination guidelines and standards, quality improvement in the laboratory, perioperative echocardiography, hemodynamic assessment of the neonate, early fetal echocardiography, and multimodality imaging. This edition offers updated and expanded discussion of the latest advances in echocardiography, particularly those related to speckle tracking and 3D echocardiography. An essential resource for all practitioners, instructors, and trainees in the field, Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: - Provides up-to-date reference to ultrasound imaging of the hearts of fetuses, children, and adults with both acquired and congenital heart disease - Covers the echocardiographic examination of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities before, during, and after treatment - Describes quantitative methods of echocardiographic evaluation, including assessment of diastolic function, right ventricular function and assessment of the post-Fontan patient - Discusses intraoperative echocardiography, heart disease in pregnancy, and other special techniques and topics - Includes more than 1200 high-quality color images as well as a companion website with over 600 video clips Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease, Third Edition, remains an essential textbook for cardiac sonographers, pediatric and adult cardiologists, echocardiography nurses and technicians, and adult cardiologists with interest in congenital heart disease.

Wyman W. Lai, MD, MPH, MBA, Co-Medical Director, CHOC Children's Heart Institute, Clinical Professor, UC Irvine Department of Pediatrics, USA. Luc L. Mertens, MD, PhD, Section Head, Echocardiography, The Hospital for Sick Children; Professor of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Canada. Meryl S. Cohen, MD, MS Ed, Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Associate Chief, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA. Tal Geva, MD, Alexander S. Nadas Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Cardiologist-in-Chief and Chair, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, USA.

Contributors vii Preface xii About the Companion Website xiii Part I Introduction to Cardiac Ultrasound Imaging 1 Ultrasound Physics 3
Jan D'hooge, Olivier Villemain, and Luc L. Mertens 2 Instrumentation, Patient Preparation, and Patient Safety 21
Stacey Drant and Vivekanand Allada 3 Segmental Approach to Congenital Heart Disease 34
Tal Geva 4 The Normal Pediatric Echocardiogram 47
Wyman W. Lai and Jacqueline Wheatley Part II Quantitative Methods 5 Structural Measurements and Adjustments for Growth 69
Steven D. Colan and Leo Lopez 6 Hemodynamic Measurements 87
Mark K. Friedberg and Olivier Villemain 7 Left Ventricular Systolic Function Assessment 116
Luc L. Mertens and Mark K. Friedberg 8 Diastolic Ventricular Function Assessment 146
Peter C. Frommelt 9 Right Ventricular Function 168
Luc L. Mertens and Andreea Dragulescu Part III Anomalies of the Systemic and Pulmonary Veins, Septa, and Atrioventricular Junction 10 Pulmonary Venous Anomalies 189
David W. Brown 11 Systemic Venous Anomalies 213
Jill J. Savla and Michael D. Quartermain 12 Anomalies of the Atrial Septum 228
Tal Geva 13 Ventricular Septal Defects 247
Shobha Natarajan and Meryl S. Cohen 14 Ebstein Anomaly, Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia, and Right Atrial Anomalies 267
Frank Cetta and Benjamin W. Eidem 15 Mitral Valve and Left Atrial Anomalies 280
James C. Nielsen and Daniela Y. Rafii 16 Common Atrioventricular Canal Defects 297
Meryl S. Cohen Part IV Anomalies of the Ventriculoarterial Junction and Great Arteries 17 Anomalies of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Pulmonary Valve 321
Matthew S. Lemler, Poonam P. Thankavel, and Claudio Ramaciotti 18 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 340
Jami C. Levine 19 Abnormalities of the Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Arteries 360
Elizabeth Caris and Bhawna Arya 20 Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Aortic Valve 382
John M. Simpson and Owen I. Miller 21 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 405
Brian R. White, David J. Goldberg, and Jack Rychik 22 Aortic Arch Anomalies: Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch 430
Jan Marek, Matthew Fenton, and Sachin Khambadkone 23 Tetralogy of Fallot 463
Shubhika Srivastava, Ira A. Parness, and Tal Geva 24 Truncus Arteriosus and Aortopulmonary Window 492
Timothy C. Slesnick, Ritu Sachdeva, Joe R. Kreeger, Maria A. Pernetz, and William L. Border 25 Transposition of the Great Arteries 508
Xavier Iriart, Meryl S. Cohen, and Luc L. Mertens 26 Double-Outlet Ventricle 534
Leo Lopez, Kuberan Pushparajah, and Tal Geva 27 Physiologically "Corrected" Transposition of the Great Arteries 560
Erwin Oechslin and Andreea Dragulescu Part V Miscellaneous Cardiovascular Lesions 28 Hearts with Functional Single Ventricle, Superior-Inferior Ventricles, and Crisscross Heart 585
David N. Schidlow and Stephen P. Sanders 29 Echocardiographic Assessment of Functional Single Ventricles after the Fontan Operation 616
Marc Gewillig and Luc L. Mertens 30 Cardiac Malposition and Heterotaxy Syndrome 635
Lindsay S. Rogers and Meryl S. Cohen 31 Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries 658
Shubhika Srivastava and Piers C. A. Barker 32 Vascular Rings and Slings 685
Andrew J. Powell 33 Connective Tissue Disorders 700
Julie De Backer and Shaine A. Morris 34 Cardiac Masses 728
Michele A. Frommelt and Rebecca S. Beroukhim Part VI Anomalies of the Ventricular Myocardium 35 Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis, and Heart Transplantation 747
Renee Margossian 36 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 772
Colin J. McMahon and Javier Ganame 37 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Pericardial Diseases 794
Dale A. Burkett and Adel K. Younoszai 38 Other Anomalies of the Ventricular Myocardium 822
Rebecca S. Beroukhim and Steven D. Colan Part VII Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease 39 Kawasaki Disease 845
Kevin G. Friedman 40 Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease 856
Meghan Zimmerman and Craig Sable 41 Infective Endocarditis 870
Manfred Otto Vogt and Andreas Kuhn Part VIII Special Techniques and Topics 42 Transesophageal and Intraoperative Echocardiography 885
Owen I. Miller and John M. Simpson 43 Pregnancy and Heart Disease 904
Anne Marie Valente 44 Fetal Echocardiography 924
Lindsay R. Freud and Lisa K. Hornberger 45 Echocardiographic Assessment of the Transitional Circulation 964
Amir H. Ashrafi, Gabriel Altit, and Patrick J. McNamara 46 Echocardiographic Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension 992
Pei-Ni Jone 47 The Role of Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging 1011
Pierangelo Renella, Wyman W. Lai, and Ashwin Prakash Index 1031