Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies

Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.Volume 2 is divided into three parts, part one looks at the mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metals including chapters on the adsorption and trap-sensitive diffusion of hydrogen and its impact on deformation and fracture processes. Part two investigates modern methods of modelling hydrogen damage so as to predict material-cracking properties. The book ends with suggested future directions in science and engineering to manage the hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 2 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation. - Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure - Chapters review mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement including absorption, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in metals - Analyses ways of modelling hydrogen-induced damage and assessing service life

Contributor contact details Introduction Part I: Mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metals Chapter 1: Hydrogen adsorption on the surface of metals Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Adsorption effect 1.3 Elementary processes in adsorption 1.4 The structure of the H-Me adsorption complex 1.5 Kinetic equations and equilibrium 1.6 Conclusions Chapter 2: Analysing hydrogen in metals: bulk thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) methods Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Principle of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) measurements 2.3 Experimental aspects of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) 2.4 Complementary techniques 2.5 Conclusion Chapter 3: Analyzing hydrogen in metals: surface techniques Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Available techniques for analyzing hydrogen 3.3 Methods for analyzing hydrogen in metals: basic principles 3.4 Applications of hydrogen analysis methods 3.5 Ion beam-based methods 3.6 Conclusion Chapter 4: Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in metals Abstract: 4.1 Introduction: hydrogen uptake 4.2 Solubility of hydrogen in metals 4.3 Principles of hydrogen diffusion and trapping 4.4 Modelling of hydrogen diffusion and trapping 4.5 Measurement of hydrogen diffusion 4.6 Hydrogen diffusion data 4.7 Conclusions 4.8 Acknowledgements Chapter 5: Control of hydrogen embrittlement of metals by chemical inhibitors and coatings Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Chemical barriers to hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE): gaseous inhibitors 5.3 Physical barriers to hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) 5.4 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 6: The role of grain boundaries in hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) of steels Abstract: 6.1 Introduction: modes of cracking 6.2 Impurity effects 6.3 Temper embrittlement and hydrogen 6.4 Tempered-martensite embrittlement and hydrogen 6.5 Future trends 6.6 Conclusions Chapter 7: Influence of hydrogen on the behavior of dislocations Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Dislocation motion 7.3 Evidence for hydrogen dislocation interactions 7.4 Discussion 7.5 Conclusions 7.6 Acknowledgements Part II: Modelling hydrogen embrittlement Chapter 8: Modeling hydrogen induced damage mechanisms in metals Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Pros and cons of proposed mechanisms 8.3 Evolution of decohesion models 8.4 Evolution of shear localization models 8.5 Summary 8.6 Conclusions 8.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 9: Hydrogen effects on the plasticity of face centred cubic (fcc) crystals Abstract: 9.1 Introduction and scope 9.2 Study of dynamic interactions and elastic binding by static strain ageing (SSA) 9.3 Modelling in the framework of the elastic theory of discrete dislocations 9.4 Experiments on face centred cubic (fcc) single crystals oriented for single glide 9.5 Review of main conclusions 9.6 Future trends Chapter 10: Continuum mechanics modeling of hydrogen embrittlement Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Basic concepts 10.3 Crack tip fields: asymptotic elastic and plastic solutions 10.4 Crack tip fields: finite deformation blunting predictions 10.5 Application of crack tip fields and additional considerations 10.6 Stresses around dislocations and inclusions 10.7 Conclusions 10.8 Acknowledgement Chapter 11: Degradation models for hydrogen embrittlement Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Subcritical intergranular cracking under gaseous hydrogen uptake 11.3 Subcritical ductile cracking: gaseous hydrogen exposure at pressures less than 45 MPa or internal hydrogen 11.4 Discussion 11.5 Conclusions 11.6 Acknowledgments Chapter 12: Effect of inelastic strain on hydrogen-assisted fracture of metals Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) processes and assumptions 12.3 Hydrogen damage models and assumptions 12.4 Diffusion with dynamic trapping 12.5 Discussion 12.6 Conclusions 12.8 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 13: Development of service life prognosis systems for hydrogen energy devices Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.