Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies

Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.Volume 2 is divided into three parts, part one looks at the mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metals including chapters on the adsorption and trap-sensitive diffusion of hydrogen and its impact on deformation and fracture processes. Part two investigates modern methods of modelling hydrogen damage so as to predict material-cracking properties. The book ends with suggested future directions in science and engineering to manage the hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 2 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation.- Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure- Chapters review mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement including absorption, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in metals- Analyses ways of modelling hydrogen-induced damage and assessing service life

Contributor contact detailsIntroductionPart I: Mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metalsChapter 1: Hydrogen adsorption on the surface of metalsAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 Adsorption effect1.3 Elementary processes in adsorption1.4 The structure of the H-Me adsorption complex1.5 Kinetic equations and equilibrium1.6 ConclusionsChapter 2: Analysing hydrogen in metals: bulk thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) methodsAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Principle of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) measurements2.3 Experimental aspects of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS)2.4 Complementary techniques2.5 ConclusionChapter 3: Analyzing hydrogen in metals: surface techniquesAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Available techniques for analyzing hydrogen3.3 Methods for analyzing hydrogen in metals: basic principles3.4 Applications of hydrogen analysis methods3.5 Ion beam-based methods3.6 ConclusionChapter 4: Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in metalsAbstract:4.1 Introduction: hydrogen uptake4.2 Solubility of hydrogen in metals4.3 Principles of hydrogen diffusion and trapping4.4 Modelling of hydrogen diffusion and trapping4.5 Measurement of hydrogen diffusion4.6 Hydrogen diffusion data4.7 Conclusions4.8 AcknowledgementsChapter 5: Control of hydrogen embrittlement of metals by chemical inhibitors and coatingsAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Chemical barriers to hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE): gaseous inhibitors5.3 Physical barriers to hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE)5.4 Conclusions and future trendsChapter 6: The role of grain boundaries in hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) of steelsAbstract:6.1 Introduction: modes of cracking6.2 Impurity effects6.3 Temper embrittlement and hydrogen6.4 Tempered-martensite embrittlement and hydrogen6.5 Future trends6.6 ConclusionsChapter 7: Influence of hydrogen on the behavior of dislocationsAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 Dislocation motion7.3 Evidence for hydrogen dislocation interactions7.4 Discussion7.5 Conclusions7.6 AcknowledgementsPart II: Modelling hydrogen embrittlementChapter 8: Modeling hydrogen induced damage mechanisms in metalsAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Pros and cons of proposed mechanisms8.3 Evolution of decohesion models8.4 Evolution of shear localization models8.5 Summary8.6 Conclusions8.7 AcknowledgementsChapter 9: Hydrogen effects on the plasticity of face centred cubic (fcc) crystalsAbstract:9.1 Introduction and scope9.2 Study of dynamic interactions and elastic binding by static strain ageing (SSA)9.3 Modelling in the framework of the elastic theory of discrete dislocations9.4 Experiments on face centred cubic (fcc) single crystals oriented for single glide9.5 Review of main conclusions9.6 Future trendsChapter 10: Continuum mechanics modeling of hydrogen embrittlementAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Basic concepts10.3 Crack tip fields: asymptotic elastic and plastic solutions10.4 Crack tip fields: finite deformation blunting predictions10.5 Application of crack tip fields and additional considerations10.6 Stresses around dislocations and inclusions10.7 Conclusions10.8 AcknowledgementChapter 11: Degradation models for hydrogen embrittlementAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Subcritical intergranular cracking under gaseous hydrogen uptake11.3 Subcritical ductile cracking: gaseous hydrogen exposure at pressures less than 45 MPa or internal hydrogen11.4 Discussion11.5 Conclusions11.6 AcknowledgmentsChapter 12: Effect of inelastic strain on hydrogen-assisted fracture of metalsAbstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) processes and assumptions12.3 Hydrogen damage models and assumptions12.4 Diffusion with dynamic trapping12.5 Discussion12.6 Conclusions12.8 Appendix: nomenclatureChapter 13: Development of service life prognosis systems for hydrogen energy devicesAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.