Genre Beyond Borders

This book offers an innovative approach to understanding operetta, drawing attention to its malleability and resistance to boundaries. The chapters on an international range of topics serve as summary of the current state of the field, showcasing the many possible pathways for future scholars who wish to explore it.

Bruno Bower is a musicologist, performer, composer, and music editor. His research covers Victorian programme notes, operetta studies, and the social history of polymaths. He currently teaches at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and in the Centre for Languages, Culture and Communication at Imperial College London, UK. Elisabeth Honn Hoegberg is currently Director of the School of Music, Theatre, and Dance at Oakland University, USA. Her research interests include historical theory and pedagogy and late nineteenth-century French operetta. She is currently writing a monograph on the stage works of Emmanuel Chabrier. Sonja Starkmeth is a musicologist whose research focuses on the musical and socio-cultural aspects of operetta. After her appointment as a research fellow at Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany, she has recently started to work as an in-house editor for choral music at Bärenreiter publishing house.

Contents - Bruno Bower, Elisabeth Honn Hoegberg, Sonja Starkmeth - Introduction Part 1: International Travel 2. Matteo Paoletti - "The operetta season considerably decreased our losses": Art and business from Italian/South American ledgers of the 1900s 3. John Graziano - The Widow and the Waltz: 'Viennese' Operetta in New York, (1907-1930) 4. Gyöngyi Heltai - Transnational influences in the early period of the Budapest Operetta Theatre (1922-1926) Part 2: Politics and National Identity 5. Vojt-ch Frank - Dunayevsky, Czech Edition: On Soviet Operetta in Czechoslovakia, Its Cultural Significance, and Its Artistic Character 6. Ryszard Daniel Golianek - Changing Perspectives: Poland and the Poles in German Operetta 7. Lynn M. Hooker - Hungary and Hungarianism Old and New on the Operetta Stage Part 3: Class and Gender 8. Sonja Starkmeth - 'Come and Buy! Buy! Buy!' - Places of Commerce in Late Victorian Popular Musical Theatre (1890 - 1900) 9. Elisabeth Honn Hoegberg - A Star is Born: The Travesti Protagonist from Chabrier to Hahn 10. John Rigby - Der Zarewitsch (1927): Gender Ambiguity and the Repression of Sexual Identity Part 4: Genre Transformations 11. Bruno Bower - Burlesque Quotation Practices in Gilbert and Sullivan's Savoy Operas and the Creation of Middle-Class Identity 12. David Larkin and Chantal Nguyen - Moving things around: The Australian Ballet's adaptation of The Merry Widow (1975) 13. Pierre Degott - 'Treu sein, das liegt mir nicht': Sexual Predation and Textual Correction 14. Stephanie Ruozzo - Broadway Royalty: Jerome Kern's Princess Theatre Shows as the Heirs of Operetta Examples Example 3.1: Leo Fall, Das Puppenmädel, No. 4, 'Lied des Tiborius', mm. 62-70 Example 3.2. Jerome Kern, The Doll Girl, 'Will it all end in smoke?', mm. 33-40 Example 3.3: Jerome Kern, The Doll Girl, 'If we were on our honeymoon' mm. 1-12 Example 3.4: Jerome Kern, The Doll Girl, 'If we were on our honeymoon', mm. 37-44 Example 3.5: Jerome Kern, The Doll Girl, 'If we were on our honeymoon', mm. 53-60 Example 3.6: Jerome Kern, The Doll Girl, 'If we were on our honeymoon', mm. 73-88 Example 9.1a: 'Largo al factotum,' mm. 44-47 Example 9.1b: 'Largo al factotum,' mm. 189-192 Example 9.1c: 'Rondeau du colporteur,' mm. 5-10, bottom Example 9.2a: 'Largo al factotum,' mm. 119-123 Example 9.2b: 'Rondeau,' mm. 115-124 Example 9.3a: 'Non piu andrai', mm. 1-8 Example 9.3b: 'Etre aimé,' mm. 21-26 Example 9.4a: Don Giovanni, Act I finale, mm. 92-94 Example 9.4b: Don Giovanni, Act I finale, mm. 107-110 Example 9.4c: 'Etre aimé,' mm. 11-16 Example 9.5: 'Etre aimé,' mm. 21-27 Example 9.6: 'Etre aime' mm. 96-101 Example 10.1: Der Zarewitsch, 'Einer wird kommen,' mm. 9-26. Example 11.1a: Opening of She Wore a Wreath of Roses, Bayley/Knight Example 11.1b: Act 1 finale, 'Although our dark career', Pirates of Penzance, Gilbert/Sullivan Example 11.2a: Melody from The Fine Old English Gentleman, arr. Russell Example 11.2b: Act 1 No.5, 'Behold the Lord High Executioner', Gilbert/Sullivan Example 11.3a: Melody from Oh why should we bewail the dead, Russell Example 11.3b: Act 1 No.3, 'Oh better far to live and die', Pirates of Penzance, Gilbert/Sullivan Example 11.4a: 'Agnus Dei', Messe solennelle de Saint-Cécile, Gounod Example 11.4b: Act 1 finale, 'I'm telling a terrible story', Pirates of Penzance, Gilbert/Sullivan Example 12.1: Waltz tunes used in Ballet, No. 4 Example 12.2: Operetta No. 4 'O Vaterland', mm. 9-12 (top); Ballet No. 3, mm. 40-43 Example 12.3: Operetta No. 4 'Da geh' ich zu Maxim', mm. 49-56 (top); Ballet No. 3 (transposed from E-flat), mm. 73-80 (bottom) Example 12.4: Merry Widow ballet No. 11 (a) slow Vocalise theme; (b) accelerated finale Example 12.5a: Operetta No. 11, mm. 52-55 (string parts only) Example 12.5b: Ballet No. 15, mm. 26-29 (string parts only), bottom Example 12.6: Ballet No. 19, Lippen schweigen' melody and added descant, mm 113-144 Example 12.7: Ballet No. 1, mm. 89-96 Example 14.1: 'Thirteen Collar,' verse Example 14.2: 'Thirteen Collar,' chorus Example 14.3: 'Babes in the Wood,' mm. 3-16 Example 14.4: 'Babes in the Wood,' mm. 17-48 Example 14.5: 'A Peach of Life,' mm. 1-8 Example 14.6: 'The Sun Shines Brighter,' mm. 75-82 Figures Figure 7.1: The Second Vienna Award and the return of Kolozsvár Figure 7.2: Cover of Kálmán's 'Szép város Kolózsvár' Figure 10.1: Rita Georg, Franz Lehár and Richard Tauber in 1927 Figure 10.2: Friedrich Ebert (r) and Defence Minister Gustav Noske, on the cover of Illustrierte Zeitung, 21 August 1919. Figure 12.1: Layout of Ballet, No. 4 Figure 12.2: Comparative layout of Act 1 in operetta and ballet (simplified) Figure 12.3: Comparison of Danilo's opening number (operetta and ballet versions) Figure 12.4: Still from Merry Widow flashback scene (The Australian Ballet production, 2018) Figure 12.5: Still from Merry Widow Act 3 finale (The Australian Ballet production, 2018) Tables Table 2.1: Comparison of box office revenues at Città di Milano, 1912-1913 Table 3.1: Comparison of the German and English versions of Tiborius and Yvette's duet, 'On Our Honeymoon' Table 4.1: Obtained stage rights for the Budapest Operetta Theatre (title, composer) Table 4.2: Premiers of Budapest Operetta Theatre (title, composer) Table 5.1: Soviet operetta premieres in Czech-speaking theatres Table 6.1: German operettas with Polish motifs Table 6.2. Settings of the operettas' plots Table 6.3. The operettas' main characters Table 6.4 Contexts of the text Poland has not perished yet in Polnische Hochzeit and D-browski-Mazurka Table 12.1: Dance types in The Merry Widow (operetta) Table 12.2: Comparison of the operetta and ballet versions at the start of Act 2 Appendix: Viennese, German, and Hungarian Operettas Produced in New York, 1907-1930