Glucuronic Acid Free and Combined

Glucuronic Acid Free and Combined: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Medicine focuses on the study of glucuronic acid, particularly its physiological role in different fields. Divided into three parts with nine chapters, the book contains the literature of authors who have incessantly conducted research on this kind of acid. The book starts with the discussion on the chemistry of free glucuronic acid and its derivatives, and then discusses the nature, characteristics, and properties of glucuronides and other known conjugates. The next part presents the occurrence and chemistry of glucuronic acid incorporated in animal, plant, and bacterial polysaccharides. This presentation is followed by the discussions on the biosynthesis of glucuronic acid as UDPglucuronic acid and its relationship with simple glucuronides. A summary of information of the enzymic hydrolysis of conjugates is then presented. The succeeding chapters deal with the entry of glucuronic acid into general carbohydrate metabolism; the incorporation of glucuronic acid with the polysaccharides of living tissues; the pharmacological implications of glucuronic acid in drug detoxification; and the isolation and identification of steroid glucuronides. The book is a primary source of data for readers interested in studying the nature, composition, functions, and uses of glucuronic acid.

List of Contributors Preface Introduction Part I: Chemistry Chapter 1 Chemistry of D-Glucuronic Acid and Its Glycosides I. Introduction II. Synthesis of D-Glucuronic Acid III. General Properties of Uronic Acids IV. Identification and Determination of D-Glucuronic Acid V. Separation of Uronic Acids VI. Other Reactions of D-Glucuronic Acid and Derivatives VII. Formation of the Glycuronosyl Bond VIII. Chemical Hydrolysis of the D-Glucuronosyl Bond IX. Condensation of D-Glucuronic Acid with Amines X. 1-Thio Derivatives of D-Glucuronic Acid XI. Preparation of Labeled D-Glucuronic Acid XII. Tables of D-Glucosiduronic Acids and Their General Properties Appendix: Compendium of Practical Methods for the Determination of D-Glucuronic Acid References Chapter 2 Chemistry of Polysaccharides Containing Glucuronic Acid I. Introduction II. Animal Polysaccharides III. Bacterial Polysaccharides IV. Plant Polysaccharides ReferencesPart II: Metabolism Chapter 3 The Biosynthesis of Glucuronides I. Historical Aspects of the Study of Glucuronide Biosynthesis II. Other Possible Mechanisms of Glucuronide Biosynthesis III. UDPGlucuronic Acid IV. General Properties of UDP-Glucuronyltransferase (UDPGlucuronic Acid Glucuronyl Transferase) V. Factors Affecting Glucuronide Biosynthesis and UDP-Glucuronyltransferase In Vivo Appendix I : Assay of Udpglucuronic Acid Appendix II Assay of Udp-Glucuronyltransferase Appendix III: Assay and Levels of Free and Conjugated Glucuronic Acid In Urine and Serum References Chapter 4 ß-Glucuronidase and the Hydrolysis of Glucuronides I. Introduction II. Distribution III. Purification IV. Action V. Effect of pH VI. Interfering Substances VII. Specific Inhibitors VIII. Kinetics of Hydrolysis and Inhibition IX. Clinical Implications X. ß-Glucuronidase Activity of Mammalian and Nonmammalian Tissues Appendix: Assay of ß-Glucuronidase References Chapter 5 Metabolism of Glucuronic Acid and Its Lactone I. Introduction II. Metabolism of D-Glucuronic Acid in Animals III. Conversion of Inositol to D-Glucuronic Acid IV. Biosynthesis of D-Glucuronic Acid V. Effect of Drugs and Chemicals on Glucuronic Acid Metabolism VI. Metabolism of L-Ascorbic Acid VII. Glucuronic Acid Metabolism in Plants VIII. Glucuronic Acid Metabolism in Bacteria IX. Concluding Remarks References Chapter 6 Metabolism of Polysaccharides Containing Glucuronic Acid I. Introduction II. Polysaccharides of Animals III. Polysaccharides of Microorganisms IV. Polysaccharides of Higher Plants Appendix: Estimation of Polysaccharides Containing Glucuronic Acid ReferencesPart III: Biological Implications of Conjugation with Glucuronic Acid Chapter 7 Implication of the Conjugation of Drugs and Other Exogenous Compounds I. Introduction II. Types of Glucuronic Acid Conjugation III. Types of Drugs Undergoing Conjugation with Glucuronic Acid IV. Physicochemical Properties of Glucuronides V. Pharmacological Properties of Glucuronides VI. Mechanism of Drug Inactivation by Glucuronide Formation VII. The Excretion of Glucuronides VIII. Conclusion References Chapter 8 Implication of Conjugation of Endogenous Compounds-Bilirubin I. Origin and Metabolism of Bilirubin II. Conjugation and Excretion of Bilirubin III. Effect of Impaired Conjugation on Bilirubin Metabolism IV.