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Sul's history of the international ginseng trade reveals the cultural aspects of international capitalism and the impact of this single commodity on relations between the East and the West.
Ginseng emerged as a major international commodity in the seventeenth century, when the East India Company began trading it westward. Europeans were drawn to the plant's efficacy as a medicine, but their attempts to transplant it for mass production were unsuccessful. Also, due to a failure of extracting its active ingredients, Western pharmacology disparaged ginseng in the process of modernization. In the meantime, ginseng was discovered on the American continent and became one of the United States' key exports to Asia and particularly China, but never cultivated a significant domestic market. As such, historicizing the ginseng trade provides a unique perspective on the impact of both culture and economics on international trade.
A compelling interdisciplinary history of over five centuries of East-West trade and cultural exchange, this book will be invaluable to students and scholars of transnational history and a fascinating read for anyone interested in the history of international trade.
Heasim Sul is Professor in the Department of History at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
List of figures List of tables Preface Notes Prologue PART I Ginseng Meets the West 1 The Arrival of Korean Ginseng in Europe 2 Ginseng Studies by the English Royal Society and French Royal Academy of Sciences 3 The Discovery of Ginseng in North America 4 The Classification and Medical Use of Ginseng PART 2 The World-System of Ginseng 5 Korean, Chinese, and Japanese Policies and the Ginseng Trade 6 The East India Company's Private Trade in Ginseng 7 Ginseng, America's First Export Item 8 Ginseng and Circumstances in East Asia PART 3 Crisis and Response 9 Expunction from Pharmacopoeias? 10 Western Medicine's View of Ginseng's Efficacy 11 Reform of Pharmacopoeias and Challenges to Extracting Active Ingredients 12 Ginseng's Slow Entry into the Modern Pharmaceutical System 13 The Depletion of Wild Ginseng and the Beginning of Cultivated Ginseng PART 4 The Orientalism Surrounding Ginseng 14 Analogizing and Ostracization 15 Mysterious Orientality 16 Ginseng Diggers in the East and West 17 Ginseng Diggers' Image and Internal Colonialism Epilogue Bibliography Index
