Human Rights in Business

The capacity to abuse, or in general affect the enjoyment of human, labour and environmental rights has risen with the increased social and economic power that multinational companies wield in the global economy. At the same time, it appears that it is difficult to regulate the activities of multinational companies in such a way that they conform to international human, labour and environmental rights standards. This has partially to do with the organization of companies into groups of separate legal persons, incorporated in different states, as well as with the complexity of the corporate supply chain. Absent a business and human rights treaty, a more coherent legal and policy approach is required. Faced with the challenge of how to effectively access the right to remedy in the European Union for human rights abuses committed by EU companies in non-EU states, a diverse research consortium of academic and legal institutions was formed. The consortium, coordinated by the Globernance Institute for Democratic Governance, became the recipient of a 2013 Civil Justice Action Grant from the European Commission Directorate General for Justice. A mandate was thus issued for research, training and dissemination so as to bring visibility to the challenge posed and moreover, to provide some solutions for the removal of barriers to judicial and non-judicial remedy for victims of business-related human rights abuses in non-EU states. The project commenced in September 2014 and over the course of two years the consortium conducted research along four specific lines in parallel with various training sessions across EU Member States. The research conducted focused primarily on judicial remedies, both jurisdictional barriers and applicable law barriers; non-judicial remedies, both to company-based grievance. The results of this research endeavour make up the content of this report whose aim is to provide a scholarly foundation for policy proposals by identifying specific challenges relevant to access to justice in the European Union and to provide recommendations on how to remove legal and practical barriers so as to provide access to remedy for victims of business-related human rights abuses in non-EU states.

Juan José Álvarez Rubio is Professor of Private International Law at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain and Secretary of the Globernance Institute for Democratic Governance. Katerina Yiannibas is an Assistant Professor of Public and Private International Law at Deusto University, Spain and a researcher at the Globernance Institute for Democratic Governance.

1. Judicial Remedies: The Issue of Jurisdiction, Daniel Augenstein, Nicola Jägers 2. Judicial Remedies: The Issue of Applicable Law, Liesbeth Enneking 3. Non-Judicial Remedies: Company-Based Grievance Mechanisms and International Arbitration, Katharina Häusler, Karin Lukas, Julia Planitzer Case studies: Julia Planitzer, Pablo Paisán Ruiz, Katerina Yiannibas 4. Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights vis-à-vis Legal Duty of Care, Cees van Dam, Filip Gregor with contributions from Sandrine Brachotte and Paige Morrow 5. Conclusion