Intermarium

History and collective memories influence a nation, its culture, and institutions; hence, its domestic politics and foreign policy. That is the case in the Intermarium, the land between the Baltic and Black Seas in Eastern Europe. The area is the last unabashed rampart of Western Civilization in the East, and a point of convergence of disparate cultures. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz focuses on the Intermarium for several reasons. Most importantly because, as the inheritor of the freedom and rights stemming from the legacy of the Polish-Lithuanian/Ruthenian Commonwealth, it is culturally and ideologically compatible with American national interests. It is also a gateway to both East and West. Since the Intermarium is the most stable part of the post-Soviet area, Chodakiewicz argues that the United States should focus on solidifying its influence there. The ongoing political and economic success of the Intermarium states under American sponsorship undermines the totalitarian enemies of freedom all over the world. As such, the area can act as a springboard to addressing the rest of the successor states, including those in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Russian Federation. Intermarium has operated successfully for several centuries. It is the most inclusive political concept within the framework of the Commonwealth. By reintroducing the concept of the Intermarium into intellectual discourse the author highlights the autonomous and independent nature of the area. This is a brilliant and innovative addition to European Studies and World Culture.

Marek Jan Chodakiewicz

Contents Introduction Background Sources and Method Part I. Intermarium: A Brief History 1. The Origins 2. Medieval Ruthenia and the Mongols 3. The Balts, the Germans, and the Poles 4. The Commonwealth 5. The Partitions 6. World War I and the Revolution 7. Interwar 8. World War II and Liberation Part II. The Armageddon and Its Aftermath (1939-1992) 9. An Overview 10. The First Soviet Occupation (1939-1941) 11. The Nazi Occupation (1941-1944) 12. The Second Soviet Occupation (1944-1992) 13. Transformation 14. The Liberation Part III. Post-Soviet Continuities and Discontinuities:Domestic and Foreign Challenges 15. An Overview 16. Contemporary Politics 17. The Baltics 18. Southern and Central Intermarium 19. Lifting the Velvet Curtain: Geopolitics andForeign Policy in the Intermarium 20. The Majorities and the Minorities Part IV. Chain of Memory 21. An Overview 22. Landscapes and Impressions 23. False Consciousness 24. A Sample of Individual Recollections 25. National Stereotypes 26. Koniuchy: A Case Study Conclusion Appendix I: The Death Toll in the Intermarium during the Twentieth Century Appendix II: Maps Bibliography Index