Biosensors

Nanotechnology is a budding field and has a pivotal role in sensing. Nanomaterials exist in various forms such as nanoparticles, nanoclusters, nanobelts, and nanospheres. These nanomaterials act as sensing interfaces and immobilization surfaces for various biomolecules such as enzymes, DNA, and antigens. Therefore, the preparation and characterization of these nanoparticles play an important role in sensing devices. This handbook has evolved from the authors' teaching and research experience in the field of nanoparticle biosensing. It encompasses protocols for the synthesis of various forms of metal oxide nanoparticles; study of the various characterizing techniques that help deduce the shape, size, and morphology of these nanoparticles; and applications of these nanoparticles in the field of biosensors. It presents voltammetry techniques such as cyclic, linear wave, wave pulse, and differential pulse voltammetry, throws light on the interactions of nanomaterials and biomolecules, and discusses microfluidic devices, which due to their unique capability of miniaturization fascinate many researchers. It is a practical and user-friendly textbook that introduces the various basic principles and practical information that will help undergraduate and advanced-level students and researchers understand the science behind nanoscale sensing.

Jagriti Narang is assistant professor at Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India, and has a work experience of more than 8 years. She has authored or coauthored 57 research papers in international peer-reviewed journals and holds 7 patents on biosensors and uses of nanotechnology in molecular techniques. Her current research interest involves the development of laboratory models that can be converted into commercial monitoring devices. Chandra Shekhar Pundir is emeritus professor of CSIR at the Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, India, and has more than 36 years of teaching/research experience. He received his PhD in biochemistry from G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. Earlier, he was professor and founder head of the Biochemistry Department and Dean of the Faculty of Life Sciences, MDU. He has authored/coauthored 249 research papers in international journals and 2 books on nanotechnology and holds 7 Indian patents and 1 international (PCT) patent in the fields of enzyme technology and biosensor technology. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. His current research areas are analytical/clinical biochemistry, enzyme technology, biosensor technology, and bionanotechnology.

Nanomaterials Introduction Occurrence of Nanomaterials Revolution in Nanomaterials Classification of Nanomaterials Importance of Nanomaterials Synthesis and Processing of Nanomaterials Biological/Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Properties of Nanomaterials Conclusion and Future Perspective Synthesis of Individual Nanomaterials Introduction to Noble Metal Nanomaterials Parameters Affecting the Size, Dispersion, and Shape of Metal Nanoparticles Synthesis of Individual Metal Nanoparticles Conclusion Characterization Techniques Introduction Scanning Electron Microscopy Transmission Electron Microscopy Atomic Force Microscopy Scattering Methods Spectroscopy Methods Conclusion Fabrication of Sensors for Electrochemical Determination Introduction Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Biosensors DNA-Based Sensors Immunosensors Conclusion Electrochemical Techniques Introduction Equipment Used in Voltammetric Experiments Cyclic Voltammetry Polarogram Graph Square Wave Voltammetry Differential Pulse Voltammetry Conclusion Biosensors for Serum Metabolites Biosensors Based on Field Effect Optical Biosensors Piezoelectric Biosensors Calorimetric Biosensors Electrochemical Biosensors Applications of Biosensors for Determining Serum Metabolites Conclusion Microfluidics: A Platform for Futuristic Sensors Introduction Microfluidic Basics Importance of Microfluidics Manufacturing Methods Microfluidic Devices Fluid Flow in Microfluidic Devices Microchannels Applications of Microfluidics Conclusion