Clotilda

Documents the maritime historical research and archaeological fieldwork used to identify the wreck of the notorious schooner Clotilda Clotilda: The History and Archaeology of the Last Slave Ship is the first definitive work to examine the maritime historical and archaeological record of one of the most infamous ships in American history. Clotilda was owned by Alabama businessman Timothy Meaher, who, on a dare, equipped it to carry captured Africans from what is now Benin and bring them to Alabama in 1860—some fifty years after the import of captives to be enslaved was banned. To hide the evidence, Clotilda was set afire and sunk. What remained was a substantially intact, submerged, and partially buried shipwreck located in a backwater of the Mobile River. The site of the wreck was an open secret to some people who knew Meaher, but its identity remained unknown for more than a century as various surveys through the years failed to locate the ship. This volume, authored by the archaeological team who conducted a comprehensive, systematic survey of a forgotten "ship graveyard," details the exhaustive forensic work that conclusively identified the wreck, as well as the stories and secrets that have emerged from the partly burned hulk. James P. Delgado and his coauthors discuss the various searches for Clotilda, sharing the forensic data and other analyses showing how those involved concluded that this wreck was indeed Clotilda. Additionally, they offer physical evidence not previously shared that situates the schooner and its voyage in a larger context of the slave trade. Clotilda: The History and Archaeology of the Last Slave Ship serves as a nautical biography of the ship as well. After reviewing the maritime trade in and out of Mobile Bay, this account places Clotilda within the larger landscape of American and Gulf of Mexico schooners and chronicles its career before being used as a slave ship. All of its voyages had a link to slavery, and one may have been another smuggling voyage in violation of federal law. The authors have also painstakingly reconstructed Clotilda's likely appearance and characteristics.

James P. Delgado is the senior vice president of SEARCH Inc., the largest cultural resource management firm in the United States, and adjunct professor of archaeology at Simon Fraser University. Winner of multiple awards for his maritime archaeological missions, Delgado is also a prolific, award-winning author. His recent books include War at Sea: A Shipwrecked History from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century and the coauthored The Lost Submarines of Pearl Harbor and The Maritime Landscape of the Isthmus of PanamÁ. Deborah E. Marx is a maritime archaeologist specializing in the maritime cultural landscape of the California lumber industry and nineteenth-century ship construction. Kyle Lent is a maritime archaeologist at SEARCH Inc. specializing in remote-sensing surveys, site assessments, diver investigation, and data recovery projects. Joseph Grinnan is a maritime archaeologist at SEARCH Inc. overseeing and conducting submerged remote-sensing surveys, diver identification, data recovery projects, and diver safety. Alexander DeCaro is a maritime archaeologist specializing in marine remote sensing and the archaeological interpretation of acoustic datasets.

List of Figures Foreword by Lisa D. Jones and Stacye Hathorn Acknowledgments Introduction: Clotilda's Final Voyage Chapter 1. Maritime Mobile, 1519–1860 Chapter 2. The Twelvemile Island Wreck Chapter 3. A Graveyard of Ships Chapter 4. American Schooners and the "Gulf" Schooner Chapter 5. Clotilda: An Atypical Gulf Schooner Chapter 6. Clotilda's Maritime Career, 1855–1860 Chapter 7. Shipwreck Archaeology Conclusion: The Case for Clotilda Glossary References Cited Index