Sources of Ignition

Sources of Ignition: Flammability Characteristics of Chemicals and Products describes the flammability characteristics of substances and deals with the different sources of ignition. Case histories are presented for review and analysis. The book is comprised of six chapters and seven appendices. The introduction gives a basic description of the anatomy of fire and explosions, including the access to fuel and the interaction of oxygen and fuel. A description of the flammable limits of gases, dusts, mists, and mixtures and the method of estimating these follow. The text also explains the flash point of a substance and the method of calculating it, using citations from Fuji and Hermann. The ignition energy of a chemical, as well as how to estimate it using the method of Calcote et al., is also presented. The book explains that autoignition temperature of gases is dependent on different factors, such as time delay, oxygen concentration, and catalyst effects of materials, but may still be estimated citing Zabetakis, 1965 as reference. The formula is given in more detail. Finally, the energy sources for ignition are enumerated as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical. The appendices deal with chemicals, self-heating substances, organic peroxides, substances prone to spontaneous combustions, unstable substances, flammability characteristics of dusts, and a checklist of possible sources of ignition. This book is beneficial to fire safety engineers, firemen, fire prevention maintenance administrators, fire hazard officers, and other personnel whose line of work is in fire safety and prevention.

1 Introduction2 Flammable Limits Flammable Limits of Gases Flammable Limits of Dusts And Mists Estimation of Flammable Limits Flammable Limits of Mixtures References3 Flash Points Flash Points of Liquids Calculation of Flash Points References4 Ignition Energy Minimum Ignition Energy Ignition Energy of Gases Ignition Energy of Dusts Estimation of Ignition Energy References5 Autoignition Temperature Autoignition Temperature of Gases Autoignition Temperature of Dusts Estimation of Autoignition Temperature Other Factors References6 Sources of Energy For Ignition Mechanical Sources Friction Missiles Metal Fracture Electrical Sources Electrical Current Electrostatics Lightning Stray Currents Radio Frequency Thermal Sources Hot Surfaces Self-Heating Flames Compression Engines Diffusion Chemical Sources Peroxides Polymerization Spontaneous Combustion Reaction with Other Substances Thermite Reaction Unstable Substances DecompositionAppendices 1 Fire and Related Properties of Chemicals 2 Substances Liable To Self-Heating 3 Organic Peroxides 4 Spontaneously Flammable Substances 5 Unstable Substances 6 Flammability Characteristics of Dusts 7 Sources of Ignition Checklist Index