High Temperature Metallography

High Temperature Metallography focuses on the reactions, processes, methodologies, and approaches involved in high temperature metallography. The publication first offers information on the basic principles of high temperature vacuum metallography, including the methods of heating test specimens in vacuo to high temperatures; specimens for investigating structure and properties of metals by heating in vacuo; and methods of regulating and controlling the temperature of specimens heated in vacuo. The text then ponders on vacuum systems in equipment for investigating the structure and properties of metals and alloys heated at low ultimate pressures, as well as gas flow through the tubes during evacuation; construction and characteristics of vacuum pumps used for high temperature metallography equipment; and approximate calculation of parameters of vacuum systems for equipment intended for investigating metals during heating in a vacuum. The book takes a look at equipment and instruments for investigating metals heated in a vacuum; method of investigation by studying microstructures and properties of metals and alloys while heated in vacuo; and methods for measuring elasticity, internal friction, and hardness, and for investigating the deformation of metals and alloys at high temperatures in vacuo. The text is a dependable reference for readers interested in high temperature metallography.

Biographical NoteForewordIntroductionPart I Apparatus for Investigating the Structure and Properties of Metals by Heating in Vacuo Chapter I The Basic Principles of High Temperature Metallography 1. The Special Features of Heating Metals in Vacuo 2. Methods of Heating Test Specimens in Vacuo to High Temperatures 3. Specimens for Investigating Structure and Properties of Metals by Heating in Vacuo 4. Methods of Regulating and Controlling the Temperature of Specimens Heated in Vacuo Chapter II Vacuum Systems in Equipment for Investigating the Structure and Properties of Metals and Alloys Heated at Low Ultimate Pressures 1. Gas Flow through the Tubes during Evacuation 2. Construction and Characteristics of Vacuum Pumps Used for High Temperature Metallography Equipment 3. The Traps for Freezing Out Vapors in Vacuum Installations 4. The Components of the Vacuum System 5. Methods of Measuring Ultimate Pressures in Vacuum Working Chambers 6. A Few Methods of Detecting Leaks in Vacuum Systems 7. Approximate Calculation of Parameters of Vacuum Systems for Equipment Intended for Investigating Metals during Heating in a Vacuum Chapter III Equipment and Instruments for Investigating Metals Heated in a Vacuum 1. Special Features of the Lay-Out of the Equipment for Investigation Microstructure Appearing in Specimens after Preliminary Heating in Vacuo to High Temperature and Cooling to Room Temperature 2. Construction of Apparatus for Direct Microscopical Inspection of the Structure of Hot Metals in Vacuo 3. The Trends of Further Development of Apparatus for the Investigation of the Structure of Hot Metals and Alloys 4. Methods of Measuring the Modulus of Elasticity and the Internal Friction in Metals and Alloys over a Wide Range of Temperature 5. Instruments for Measuring Hardness of Metals and Alloys Heated in Vacuo to High Temperatures 6. Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys at High Temperatures in Vacuo by Small Conical Indentations and Shallow Scratches 7. Apparatus for Direct Observation of the Processes of Deformation of Materials Subjected to Stressing and Heating in Vacuo 8. Construction of Instruments for Investigation of Vaporization of Metals and Alloys in Vacuo 9. Apparatus for Investigating the Thermal and Electrical Conductivities of Metals and Alloys at High Temperature in Vacuo 10. Apparatus for the Investigation of Thermal Fatigue of Metals under the Influence of Repeated Cycles of Heating and Cooling 11. Vacuum Apparatus for Investigating Diffusion, Seizure and Creep in Metals and Alloys Compressed and Heated in VacuoPart II Method and Results of Investigations of Microstructures and Properties of Metals and Alloys Whilst Heated in a Vacuum Chapter I Method of Investigation by Studying Microstructures and Properties of Metals and Alloys Whilst Heated in Vacuo Chapter II Microstructure of Metals and Alloys at High Temperatures 1. Conditions for Revealing the Microstructure of Metals and Alloys When Heated in Vacuo 2. Some Special Features of the Microstructure of Metals and Alloys Which Appear on Specimens First Heated in Vacuo 3. Direct Observation and Photography of the Changes of Structure Occurring Chapter III Methods for Measuring the Modulus of Elasticity, Internal Friction and Hardness, and for Investigating the Deformation of Metals and Alloys at High Temperatures in Vacuo 1. Some Experimental Data on the Variatons Iin the Values of the Modulus of Elasticity and Internal Friction of Pure Metals and Alloys When Heated 2. Hardness Measurements of Metals and Alloys at High Temperature in Vacuo 3. Some Peculiarities of the Deformation Processes in Metals and Alloys When Heated in Vacuo 4.