Plunderphonics

Featuring interviews with John Oswald, Negativland, and others and drawing on a wealth of research on copyright and intellectual property, Plunderphonics explores the impact of a genre that made illegality a point of pride. In Plunderphonics, Matthew Blackwell tells the story of a group of musicians who advocated for changes to the copyright system by deploying unlicensed samples in their recordings. The composer John Oswald, who coined the genre term "plunderphonics," was threatened with legal action by the Canadian Recording Industry Association on behalf of Michael Jackson. The Bay Area group Negativland was sued by Island Records on behalf of U2 for their parody of the band. These artists attracted media attention to their cause in a bid to expand fair use protections. Later, the Australian band the Avalanches encountered the limitations of the music licensing system during the release of their debut album, having to drop several samples that could not be successfully cleared. Finally, American DJ and producer Girl Talk released a series of albums featuring hundreds of uncleared samples and successfully avoided lawsuits by publicly arguing a fair use defense. This book narrates the conflicts between these artists and the recording industry. Blackwell places plunderphonics in the cultural contexts of postmodernism, Situationism, and culture jamming and analyzes responses to the genre from the media and the legal system. Along with histories of each artist, changes to American copyright law are tracked through important cases like Grand Upright v. Warner Bros. and Bridgeport v. Dimension Films. Though the legal terrain did not shift in the favor of plunderphonic musicians, they changed public perception of fair use and enabled more widespread sampling in underground music.

Matthew Blackwell is a freelance music and culture writer. His writing has appeared in Pitchfork, Bandcamp Daily, Tone Glow, Tiny Mix Tapes, The Wire Magazine, and the Los Angeles Review of Books. Since 2023 he has helmed Bandcamp Daily's "Best Field Recordings" column. He is currently based in Tenerife, Spain.

Introduction 1 Pre-Plunderphonics: From Charles Ives to Grandmaster Flash 2 Postmodern Piracy: Michael Jackson v. John Oswald 3 Negativ Press: U2 v. Negativland 4 Licensing Ills: The Avalanches v. The Sample Clearance System 5 Fair Use, Fair Play: Girl Talk v. The World Epilogue 10 Essential Tracks Acknowledgments Notes