Protective Gloves for Occupational Use

This revised text discusses key aspects for protective gloves, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance. The book provides guidance on how to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment and presents hard-to-find information in one easy-to-use resource. It covers important concepts, including prevention of contact dermatitis, clinical testing of occupation-related glove sensitivity, and infection control and preventative measures for pandemics. The book: - Provides update state-of-the-art information, practices, standards, and guidelines - Covers information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects - Explores ways to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment - Discusses concepts, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance according to standardized technical methods in vivo. The text will be useful for professionals in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene, health care, and public health. It will also help graduate students in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health. This book offers a wealth of information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects. It gives detailed discussion of parameters, including the selection and use of gloves for industrial chemicals, acrylates, and pesticides, and gloves as protection against microbial contamination. It will be a valuable resource for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene, healthcare, public health, chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health.

Robert N. Phalen, Ph.D., CIH, FAIHA, is a professor and program chair of Occupational Safety and Health at the University of Houston Clear Lake, Texas, USA. Dr. Phalen is an industrial hygienist with expertise in protective clothing and dermal exposure assessment. He earned his doctoral degree from the University of California Los Angeles in Environmental Health Science with a specialization in industrial hygiene. He is a Certified Industrial Hygienist and a Fellow of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. His primary publications are on chemical permeation and the durability of protective clothing. Howard I. Maibach, M.D., is a professor of Dermatology at the University of California San Francisco, USA, with expertise in treating contact dermatitis and occupational dermatitis. His specialties include allergic skin disorders and skin conditions caused by exposure to toxic substances. Dr. Maibach earned his medical degree from Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. He has over 2500 publications and has served on the editorial boards of more than 30 scientific journals. He is a member of 19 professional societies, including the American Academy of Dermatology, the San Francisco Dermatological Society, and the International Commission on Occupational Health. Dr. Maibach has been a longterm contributor to experimental research on contact dermatitis, contact urticaria, and other skin conditions.

Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................ix Editors........................................................................................................................xi Contributors............................................................................................................ xiii Terminology and Abbreviations.............................................................................xvii SECTION I Introduction to Prevention and Protective Gloves Chapter 1 Prevention of Contact Dermatitis..........................................................3 S. H. Dou and H. I. Maibach Chapter 2 Occupational Hygiene Assessments for the Use of Protective Gloves...................................................................................7 W. Xu Chapter 3 Gloves: Types, Materials, and Manufacturing.................................... 17 Marie-Noëlle Crépy and Pierre Hoerner Chapter 4 Extraction and Chemistry of Rubber Allergens.................................. 45 Paul D. Siegel SECTION II Regulations and Standards Chapter 5 European Standards on Protective Gloves..........................................63 K.F. Mose, R. Bach, and M-N. Crepy Chapter 6 US Rules, Regulations, and Standards for Protective Gloves for Occupational Use........................................................................... 71 N.W. Henry and R.N. Phalen Chapter 7 Japanese Regulations and Standards for Medical and Dental Grade Gloves........................................................................... 79 K. Matsunaga T. Ohhara, A. Takeuchi, R. Nakaoka, and Y. Haishima Chapter 8 Australian Standards for Protective Gloves...................................... 107 D.L. McGeachie and R.L. Nixon Chapter 9 Regulations and Standards for Protective Gloves for Occupational Use in Croatia............................................................. 113 M. BubaS and S. Ljubojevic Hadzavdic Chapter 10 Testing of Protective Effect against Liquid Chemicals..................... 121 R.N. Phalen Chapter 11 Standard Quality Control Testing, Virus Penetration, and Glove Durability......................................................................... 141 R.N. Phalen and Y.K. Hamidi Chapter 12 In Vivo Testing of the Protective Effect of Gloves............................ 171 N. Hamnerius, C. Svedman, M. Bruze, and O. Bergendorff SECTION III Glove Sensitivity and Effects on Skin Chapter 13 Irritation and Contact Dermatitis from Protective Gloves: An Overview..................................................................................... 185 S. Levitt and H.I. Maibach Chapter 14 Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Rubber and Plastic Gloves.......... 193 S. Levitt and H.I. Maibach Chapter 15 Clinical Testing of Occupational Glove Sensitivity.......................... 215 K.F. Mose and R. Bach Chapter 16 Management of Natural Rubber Glove Sensitivity...........................227 A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. Salman Chapter 17 Allergic Responses to Powdered Natural Rubber Latex Gloves in Healthcare Workers........................................................... 247 A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. Salman Chapter 18 Other Reactions from Gloves............................................................ 261 T. Bullock, A. Sood, and J.S. Taylor Chapter 19 Occlusion vs. Contact Dermatitis......................................................285 T. Tran and H. I. Maibach SECTION IV Protection against Chemical and Microbial Agents Chapter 20 Gloves and Dermal Exposure to Chemicals.....................................303 K.S. Galea and J.W. Cherrie Chapter 21 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Fabric (Textile).......... 339 J. L. Bormann, A. S. F. Acipayam, and H. I. Maibach Chapter 22 Practical Considerations When Selecting and Using Gloves for Chemical Protection.................................................................... 355 C.L. Packham and H.E. Taylor Chapter 23 Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates Including Those Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam.......... 377 R.N. Phalen and D.M. Ceballos Chapter 24 Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves............................397 D.M. Ceballos and R.N. Phalen Chapter 25 The Selection and Use of Gloves against Pesticides......................... 421 J.B. Nielsen and R.N. Phalen Chapter 26 Gloves as Protection against Microbial Contamination.................... 439 R.N. Phalen SECTION V Special Topics Chapter 27 Hydro-Alcoholic Gels and Glove Use............................................... 451 J.-M. Lachapelle Chapter 28 Clinical Relevance of Masks in the Operating Room....................... 459 H.N. Mechels and H.I. Maibach Chapter 29 Are Masks Effective as Source Control in Index Influenza Patients? A Review............................................................................463 H.N. Mechels and H.I. Maibach Chapter 30 Extended Use and Disinfection of N95 Respirators and Exam Gloves During a Pandemic.....................................................469 R.N. Phalen, J-M. Lachapelle, and Y.K. Hamidi Index....................................................................................................................... 479