Deep Energy Retrofit Guide for Public Buildings

This book provides detailed information on how to set up Deep Energy Retrofits (DERs) in public buildings, and shares in-depth insights into the current status of the major technologies, strategies and practical best practice examples of how to cost-effectively combine them. Case studies from Europe are analyzed with respect to energy use before and after renovation, reasons for undertaking the renovation, co-benefits achieved, resulting cost-effectiveness, and the business models employed.
The building sector holds the potential for tremendous improvements in terms of energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions, and energy retrofits to the existing building stock represent a significant opportunity in the transition to a low-carbon future. Moreover, investing in highly efficient building materials and systems can replace long-term energy imports, contribute to cost cutting, and create a wealth of new jobs. Yet, while the technologies needed in order to improve energy efficiency are readily available, significant progress has not yet been made, and -best practices- for implementing building technologies and renewable energy sources are still relegated to small -niche- applications.
Offering essential information on Deep Energy Retrofits, the book offers a valuable asset for architects, public authorities, project developers, and engineers alike.

Dr. Alexander Zhivov is a senior research engineer of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Research Laboratory responsible for Army-wide facilities energy strategic planning leading to buildings energy efficiency improvements, development and implementation of new HVAC systems, distributed generation technologies, renewable energy, heating plant modernizations, building commissioning processes, and modeling and analysis tools for installation operations. Develops the framework and concepts of a secure, reliable, and efficient Army installation energy strategies and supporting implementation programs.
Rüdiger Lohse leads the department of Energy Services and Financing at the Climate Protection Energy Agency of Baden- Württemberg and the Competence Centre for Energy Services in Baden- Württemberg.

Introduction.- Major Renovation and Deep Energy Retrofit.- Deep vs. Shallow Energy Retrofit.- Development of the DER Scope from the Business Perspective.- Cost Effectiveness Calculation in the Real Estate Sector.- International Regulation Framework.- Income Related Real Estate Evaluation: Gross Rental Method (GRM) and Discounted Cash-Flow Method.- DER and Green Building Values in Public and Non-public Sectors.- Increasing Available Floor Space.- Conclusions: Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Optimization.- Financing Instruments.- Loan Financing, Credit Lines, Revolving Funds, Preferential Loans.- Soft Loans / Dedicated Credit Lines.- Project Finance, Non-Recourse and Recourse Finance - Refinancing of ESCO.- Forfeiting.- Performance Based Financing Instrument.- Business Models - Definitions and Introduction.- Energy (Saving) Performance Contracting (Private Funding) Model EPC/Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC).- Blended Funding (Public and Private Combined Funding).- Advanced DEREPC Business Model.- A Tools for Investors.- Conclusions.