Hope

A colourful map of the current conflict between pessimism and optimism in Western politics and theory, Hope attempts to reveal both the deep history and contemporary necessity of political hopefulness.
Starting in the 17th century with Spinoza, Wortham tells the story of the various fallacies and insights of pessimism and optimism through the 18th century with the help of Kant and Voltaire through to the famously nihilistic writings of Nietzsche and the 20th century works of thinkers such as Benjamin, Arendt, Kristeva and Fanon (to name but a few). He explores the contemporary significance of ideas such as affirmation, sovereignty, violence, therapy, existentialism and, of course, the oft maligned notion of 'hopefulness' to create a politics of optimism which avoids the pitfalls of uncritical acceptance of the status quo or the newest political idea.
Short chapters written in an engaging narrative manner enable the reader to follow the story of political optimism over the last 4 centuries inspiring a new way of thinking about the transformative uses of hopefulness.

Simon Wortham is Professor of Critical Humanities, Kingston University London, UK. He is author of Resistance and Psychoanalysis (2017), Samuel Weber: Acts of Reading (2017), Modern Thought in Pain: Philosophy, Politics, Psychoanalysis (2015), The Poetics of Sleep (Bloomsbury, 2013), The Derrida Dictionary (Bloomsbury, 2010), Derrida: Writing Events (Bloomsbury, 2008), Experimenting: Essays with Samuel Weber (2007), Counter-Institutions (2006) and Rethinking the University (2009)

Acknowledgements
Hope against hope
Twenty-two short essays on the politics of optimism
Immanuel Kant, Choosing what is best
Voltaire, Bien (tout est)
Arthur Schopenhauer, Eating the other
Benedict de Spinoza, Hope, faith and judgement
Friedrich Nietzsche, Imperfect nihilism
Maurice Blanchot, Hope and poetry
Jacques Derrida, Yes, yes
Emmanuel Levinas, Sociality and solitude
Sigmund Freud, 'A time-consuming business'
Melanie Klein, 'Therapeutic pessimism' in Kristeva's view
Julia Kristeva, 'Psychoanalysis-a Counterdepressant'
Walter Benjamin, 'Pessimism all along the line'
Theodor Adorno, 'Hurrah-optimism'
Hannah Arendt, 'The right to expect miracles'
Slavoj Zizek, Hopeless courage (with Hegel and Badiou)
Franz Kafka, 'Plenty of hope, an infinite amount of hope-but not for us' (re-reading Walter Benjamin)
Jacques Derrida, Hegel, Bataille, negativity and affirmation
Frantz Fanon, Recognition and conflict
Hannah Arendt, Violence and power
Étienne Balibar, Politics and psychoanalysis
Hans Kelsen, Politics and the 'impolitical'
Sigmund Freud, Super-ego politics
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