Sustainable Water Treatment

This book focuses on green and innovative wastewater treatment technologies that promote sustainability. It discusses a variety of biological, physical, and chemical treatment technologies. It covers biological processes for recovery of value-added products from wastewater and gives an overview of enzymatic hydrolysis and bioremediation of wastewater using immobilized enzyme and fungus. It offers a case study and future trends of wastewater treatment through membrane bioreactor technologies, describes advanced chemical-physical processes for recalcitrant pollutant, and emphasizes the use of low-cost materials and cost-effective treatment methods.

Dr. Zainura Zainon Noor is Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. She embarked on her career in UTM in 1999 as a research officer in a chemical engineering pilot plant prior to joining the Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources two years later. A well-trained chemical engineer specializing in environmental engineering, Dr, Zainura is an intrinsically passionate and driven individual towards finding greener and eco-friendly solutions. Through her relentless interest, years of academic study as well as conducive research and consultation activities, Dr. Zainura has established and strengthened her expertise in green technology, including cleaner production, life cycle assessment (LCA), water and carbon footprints, greenhouse gas inventory and projection as well as sustainable development. She is an accomplished project manager and is currently leading the Green Technology Research Group (Green Tech RG) at one of UTM's prominent centers of excellence, Center of Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA). Recognizing her expertise in Green Technology, in 2009, Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia appointed her to develop the Cleaner Production Module, which was later on used as the training module for the department's officers from all over Malaysia. Recently, she was selected by the Malaysian Government (under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) as a consultant for the development of Malaysia Environmental Performance Index (EPI). She is also an appointed committee member of the Green Technology Focus Group (Sustainable Solid Waste) under the Ministry of Green Technology, Energy and Water. Dr. Zainura is also a renowned speaker and has given talks in numerous seminars, workshops and short courses at both national and international levels. Dr. Zainura received her PhD and MS degrees from Newcastle University, UK, and BE degree from Vanderbilt University. Noor Salehan Mohammad Sabli currently is a PhD student in Environmental Engineering at Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) under supervision of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainura Zainon Noor. Her study is in the field of Environmental Engineering specializing in water footprint. Her research focuses on developing a water footprint framework for calculating water usage through crude palm oil production from nursery to the mill, together with adapting the life cycle assessment approach in the framework.

Section 1: Innovative Biological Processes for the Recovery of Value Added Products from Wastewater. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Used Cooking Palm Oil by PVA- Alginate-Sulfate Immobilized Lipase. Bioremediation of POME for Itaconic Acid Production by Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 Immobilized in PVA- Alginate-Sulfate Beads. Optimization of Lipid Content in Microalgae Biomass Using Diluted Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Varying Nutrient Ration. Section 2: MBR Technologies. Removal of Micropollutants from Wastewater through MBR Technologies: A Case Study on Spent Caustic Wastewater. The Outlook on Future MBR Technologies. Integration of Membrane Bioreactor with Various Wastewater Treatment Systems. Section 3: Advanced Chemical-Physical Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Wet Air Oxidation Processes: A Pretreatment to Enhance the Biodegrability of Pharmaceutical Wastewaters. Application of Nonthermal Plasma in the Treatment of VOCs from Wastewater. Removal of Color Wastewater Using Low Cost Adsorbent: A Comparative Study. Bioparticle Development in Constructed Wetland for Domestic Wastewater.