TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours

The essential reference on cancer stage returns as a fully revised edition Describing cancer stage is one of the most important elements of oncological practice. Clinical research and clinical care depend on an accurate assessment of cancer stage and prognostic factors. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours serves as the globally recognised standard reference for describing cancer stage and assessing treatment results. Now fully updated to reflect the results of the latest clinical research, it is indispensable for all clinicians, cancer registrars and researchers who work with malignant tumours. Readers of the ninth edition of TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours will find: - Updates in many tumour sites including, nasopharynx, HPV associated oropharynx, lung, thymus, mesothelioma, appendix, anal canal, cervix, vulva and prostate carcinoma; - Revised and updated sections on Essential TNM and paediatric cancer staging; - New classifications for medulloblastoma, cutaneous lymphoma, parathyroid carcinoma, adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia tumours; - Revised classification of prognostic factors for many malignancies. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours is an essential resource for anyone involved in cancer care, research or cancer control.

James Brierley, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPSC, FRCR, is Emeritus Professor of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada. Meredith Giuliani, MBBS, Med, PhD, FRCPC, DRCPSC, is Director at the Cancer Education Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Canada and Associate Professor at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada Brian O'Sullivan MB, BCh, FRCPC, FRCPI, FFRRCSI (Hon) is Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite (CHUM), Montreal, Canada Brian Rous, MB, Bchir, MA, PhD, FRCPath, is a Consultant Histopathologist at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK Elisabeth Van Eycken, MD, is Director of the Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium.

Editors-in-chief xi Editors xiii Preface xv Acknowledgements xvi Organisations Associated with the TNM System xvii Members of UICC Committees Associated with the TNM System Introduction 1 Head and Neck Tumours 17 Oral Cavity and Mucosal Lip 18 Pharynx 23 Larynx 34 Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses 39 Unknown Primary - Cervical Nodes 43 Malignant Melanoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract 48 Salivary Glands 50 Thyroid Gland 53 Parathyroid Gland 57 Digestive System Tumours 59 Oesophagus 60 Stomach 66 Small Intestine 70 Appendix 72 Colon and Rectum 75 Anal Canal and Perianal Skin 79 Liver 82 Intrahepatic Bile Ducts 85 Gallbladder 87 Perihilar Bile Ducts 89 Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct 91 Ampulla of Vater 93 Pancreas 95 Well- Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract 98 Lung, Pleural and Thymic Tumours 107 Lung 109 Pleural Mesothelioma 114 Thymus Tumours 118 Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues 121 Bone 122 Soft Tissues 126 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) 129 Skin Tumours 133 Carcinoma of Skin (excluding eyelid, head and neck, perianal, vulva and penis) 135 Carcinoma of Skin of the Head and Neck Region 138 Carcinoma of Skin of the Eyelid 141 Melanoma of Skin 144 Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Skin 149 Breast Tumours 151 Gynaecological Tumours 159 Vulva 160 Vagina 163 Cervix Uteri 165 Uterus - Endometrium 169 Uterine Sarcomas 172 Ovarian, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma 175 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms 180 Urological Tumours 183 Penis 184 Prostate 187 Testis 190 Kidney 194 Renal Pelvis and Ureter 196 Urinary Bladder 198 Urethra 201 Adrenal Cortex 203 Adrenal Medulla and Extra- Adrenal Paraganglia Tumours 205 Ophthalmic Tumours 207 Carcinoma of Conjunctiva 208 Melanoma of Conjunctiva 210 Melanoma of Uvea 213 Retinoblastoma 217 Sarcoma of Orbit 221 Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland 223 Brain and Spinal Cord 225 Hodgkin Lymphoma 227 Non- Hodgkin Lymphomas 231 Essential TNM 237 Paediatric Tumours 241 Gastrointestinal Tumours 241 Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours 242 Gynaecological Tumours 244 Urological Tumours 245 Ophthalmic Tumours 247 Lymphoma 247 Leukaemia 248 Central Nervous System 249