The Relentless Pursuit of Tone

The Relentless Pursuit of Tone: Timbre in Popular Music assembles a broad spectrum of contemporary perspectives on how "sound" functions in an equally wide array of popular music. Ranging from the twang of country banjoes and the sheen of hip-hop strings to the crunch of amplified guitars and the thump of subwoofers on the dance floor, this volume bridges the gap between timbre, our name for the purely acoustic characteristics of sound waves, and tone, an emergent musical construct that straddles the borderline between the perceptual and the political. Essays engage with the entire history of popular music as recorded sound, from the 1930s to the present day, under four large categories. "Genre" asks how sonic signatures define musical identities and publics; "Voice" considers the most naturalized musical instrument, the human voice, as racial and gendered signifier, as property or likeness, and as raw material for algorithmic perfection through software; "Instrument" tells stories of the way some iconic pop music machines-guitars, strings, synthesizers-got (or lost) their distinctive sounds; "Production" then puts it all together, asking structural questions about what happens in a recording studio, what is produced (sonic cartoons? rockist authenticity? empty space?) and what it all might mean.

Robert Fink is Professor of Musicology at UCLA and a past President of IASPM-US. He focuses on music after 1965, with special interests in minimalism, popular music, and the intersection of cultural and music-analytical theory. He has published widely in musicological journals, and is the author of Repeating Ourselves (2005), a book-length study of the minimal music of Steve Reich, Philip Glass, and others as a cultural reflection of American consumer society in the mass-media age. Melinda Latour is Rumsey Family Assistant Professor of Musicology at Tufts University. She has received numerous awards, including the Mellon/ACLS Dissertation Completion Fellowship, and the Newberry Library École nationale des chartes Exchange Fellowship. Her work appears in the Journal of Musicology (2015), the Revue de musicologie (2016), and the Cambridge History of Sixteenth-Century Music (forthcoming). Zachary Wallmark is Assistant Professor of Musicology at SMU Meadows School of the Arts. His research explores the contribution of timbre to affective response, aesthetic judgment, and empathy in popular music and jazz, using methods from musicology and the cognitive sciences. He is currently at work on a monograph tentatively titled Nothing but Noise: Timbre and Musical Meaning at the Edge (Oxford). Wallmark is the recipient of an NEH Fellowship (2017-18).

IntroductionChasing the Dragon: In Search of Tone in Popular MusicRobert Fink, Zachary Wallmark, and Melinda Latour
I. GenreChapter 1Hearing Timbre: Perceptual Learning Among Early Bay Area RaversCornelia FalesChapter 2The Twang Factor in Country MusicJocelyn R. NealChapter 3The Sound of Evil: Timbre, Body, and Sacred Violence in Death MetalZachary Wallmark Chapter 4Below 100 Hz: Toward a Musicology of SubbassRobert Fink
II. VoiceChapter 5Timbre and Legal Likeness: The Case of Tom WaitsMark C. Samples Chapter 6"The Triumph of Jimmy Scott": A Voice Beyond CategoryNina Sun Eidsheim Chapter 7Auto-tune, Labor, and the Pop Music VoiceCatherine Provenzano
III. InstrumentChapter 8Hearing Luxe Pop: Jay Z, Isaac Hayes, and the Six Degrees of Symphonic SoulJohn Howland Chapter 9Santana and the Metaphysics of Tone: Feedback Loops, Volume Knobs and the Quest for TranscendenceMelinda LatourChapter 10Synthesizers as Social Protest in Early 1970s FunkGriffin Woodworth Chapter 11Crossing the Electronic Divide: Guitars, Synthesizers, and the Shifting Sound Field of FusionSteve Waksman
IV. ProductionChapter 12Clash of the Timbres: Recording Authenticity in the California Rock Scene, 1966-68Jan Butler Chapter 13The Death Rattle of a Laughing Hyena: The Sound of Musical DemocracyAlbin J. Zak III Chapter 14The Sound of Nowhere: Reverb and the Construction of Sonic Space Paul ThébergeChapter 15The Spectromorphology of Recorded Popular Music: The Shaping of Sonic Cartoons Through Record ProductionSimon Zagorski-Thomas AfterwordSimon Frith