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The East India Company, founded in London in 1600, was originally a spice trading organisation. But its governors soon began to think bigger. After a decade, they started to plan voyages to more fabulous places, notably India and Japan. Rich in silver, Japan was a desirable trading partner; crucially, it was also cold in winter. England's main export was woollen cloth, which would not sell in hot places, so the Company envisaged adding to its spice runs by sailing back and forth to Japan, exchanging wool for silver. Maps suggested that this could be done quickly, above Russian. But these maps also made Japan twenty times too large, the size of India in fact. Knowing the Spanish and Portuguese had preceded them, the Company prepared a special present for its first extended sailing to India and Japan. In the end, the Company missed India, but got to Japan in 1613. The Shogun, the military dictator of Japan, was presented with a silver telescope in the name of King James. It was the first telescope ever to leave Europe and the first made as a presentation item. Before this initial ship had even returned, the Company dispatched another, named the New Year's Gift, with an equally stunning cargo: almost 100 oil paintings. These would be given and sold to the Indian and Japanese courts.This book looks at the formation and history of the Company, but mostly examines the meaning of these two extraordinary cargoes. What were they supposed to mean, and what effect did they have on quizzical Asian rulers?
Timon Screech was born in Birmingham and now lives between London and Tokyo with his partner and cats. He studied Japanese at Oxford University, then took a PhD in the history of art at Harvard University, focussing on the early modern period. He is the author of some dozen books on the art and culture of Japan's Edo Period (1603-1868), written in both English and Japanese. He is also a Freeman of the City of London, a member of Pangbourne Workingmen's Club, and a Fellow of the British Academy.
- Acknowledgments - Note on Money - Chronology - 1: The Company, the Spice Trade, and Japan - 2: Preparing London - 3: Sending the Telescope - 4: The Cargo of the New Year's Gift - 5: Japan and Back - 6: India and Java - 7: The English Factory in Japan - 8: The Cargo of the New Year's Gift in Japan - 9: The Company Must Decide - Appendix: List of Company Voyages - Notes - Bibiliography
