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Childbirth in Republican China: Delivering Modernity (1911-1949) is the study of a pivotal period in which traditional midwifery, marked by private, unregulated old-style midwives, was transformed into modern midwifery through the adoption of a highly medicalized and state-sponsored birth model that is standard in urban China today. In the twentieth century, biomedical technologies altered the process of childbirth on virtually every level. What had been a matter of private interest, focusing on the family and lineage, became a national priority, a symbol of the new citizen who would participate in the creation of a revitalized nation. This transformation of reproduction coalesces with the broader story of China's twentieth-century revolutions, marked by an emphasis on science and modernity. The roles of the state and of western medical personnel were paramount in affecting these changes, but equally important are the intense social and cultural shifts that occurred simultaneously. The dominant themes of reproduction in twentieth-century China are characterized by expanding state involvement, shifting gender roles, escalating consumption patterns accompanying the commercialization of private lives, and the increasing medicalization of the birth process.
Tina Johnson is assistant professor of modern East Asian history at Saint Vincent College, Pennsylvania.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Chapter One. Missionaries and Modernity
Chapter 3 Chapter Two. Reproduction Theory: Modern Childbirth and Modern Motherhood
Chapter 4 Chapter Three. The Midwifery Profession
Chapter 5 Chapter Four. National Reproduction in Republican China
Chapter 6 Epilogue. Reproduction in Twentieth-Century China
