The Varieties of Spiritual Experience

A cutting-edge guide to the psychology and neuroscience of spiritual experiences Spiritual experiences have occurred within people around the world and throughout history, up to and including the present day. The founders of every major religion described them, philosophers since antiquity have pondered them, and according to recent polls, about 30% of people still report them. A century ago, philosopher and psychologist William James famously analyzed accounts of these experiences and raised questions for future scientific study. What triggers these events? How are the brain and body affected? How do these brief moments have such lasting effects? Now, modern science has some answers. This book invites readers into contemporary psychology and neuroscience laboratories around the world to learn about these elusive yet profound inner events. As it explores phenomena ranging from divine revelations to paranormal experiences to life-changing experiences of unity, findings from modern science are illustrated with a diverse set of personal accounts from believers and non-believers alike, plunging readers into deeply personal and sometimes transformative moments. Written by two renowned scientists in the field, this book is a deep exploration of the psychology and neuroscience of a range of profoundly meaningful experiences.

David B. Yaden, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. His research focus is on how brief inner experiences, or 'altered states of consciousness,' can have long-term positive impacts. He currently studies the subjective effects and treatment potential of psychedelics. His work has been featured in outlets such as The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, CNN, NPR, BBC, and The New York Times. Andrew B. Newberg, MD is a Professor in the Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences and the Research Director at the Marcus Institute of Integrative Health at Thomas Jefferson University. He has published 12 books which have been translated into 17 different languages, including the best-selling books: How God Changes Your Brain and Why God Won't Go Away. He has appeared on Good Morning America, Nightline, CNN, and others. His work has also been featured in outlets such as Newsweek, Time, National Geographic, Discover, and The New York Times.

PART I: THE SCIENCE OF ALTERED STATESChapter 1: Introduction: Toward a Science of Spiritual Experience for the 21st CenturyChapter 2: William James: A Study in Human NatureChapter 3: The Varieties: The Classic Text and its ImpactChapter 4: The Psychology of Spiritual Experiences Chapter 5: The Brain on Spiritual ExperiencesChapter 6: Origins: Triggers of Spiritual ExperienceChapter 7: The Pragmatic Principle: Positive and Pathological ExperiencesPART II: THE VARIETIESChapter 8: Types of Spiritual ExperienceChapter 9: Numinous Experiences: Encountering DivinityChapter 10: Revelatory Experiences: Voices, Visions, and EpiphaniesChapter 11: Synchronicity Experiences: "Everything happens for a reason"Chapter 12: Mystical Experiences: Unity and Ego-DissolutionChapter 13: Aesthetic Experiences: Awe and the SublimeChapter 14: Paranormal Experiences: Ghosts, Angels, and Other EntitiesPART III: CONSIDERATIONS AND APPLICATIONSChapter 15: Interpretations and Integration of the Experience Chapter 16: Beliefs Reprise: Philosophical Reflections Chapter 17: Transformations Chapter 18: Clinical Applications Chapter 19: Consciousness and Altered States Chapter 20: Conclusion: Ever not Quite