Energy Aspects of Acoustic Cavitation and Sonochemistry

Energy Aspects of Acoustic Cavitation and Sonochemistry: Fundamentals and Engineering covers topics ranging from fundamental modeling to up-scaled experiments. The book relates acoustic cavitation and its intrinsic energy balance to macroscopic physical and chemical events that are analyzed from an energetic perspective. Outcomes are directly projected into practical applications and technological assessments covering energy consumption, thermal dissipation, and energy efficiency of a diverse set of applications in mixed phase synthesis, environmental remediation and materials chemistry. Special interest is dedicated to the sonochemical production of hydrogen and its energetic dimensions. Due to the sensitive energy balance that governs this process, this is seen as a "green process" for the production of future energy carriers.

Part I The single acoustic cavitation bubble as an energetic system: qualitative and quantitative assessments 1 1. Single acoustic cavitation bubble and energy concentration concept 3 2. The energy forms and energy conversion 23 3. Physical effects and associated energy release 35 4. Sonochemical reactions, when, where and how: Modelling approach 49 5. Sonochemical reactions, when, where and how: Experimental approach 77 Part II The bubble population: an analytic view into mutual forces and allied energy exchange 97 6. The Bjerknes forces and acoustic radiation energy 99 7. Nonlinear oscillations and resonances of the acoustic bubble and the mechanisms of energy dissipation 109 8. Damping mechanisms of oscillating gas/vapor bubbles in liquids 131 Part III Ultrasound assisted processes, sonochemical reactors and energy efficiency 155 10. Efficiency assessment and mapping of cavitational activities in sonochemical reactors 157 11. Sources of dissipation: An outlook into the effects of operational conditions 183 12. Mechanistic issues of energy efficiency of an ultrasonic process: Role of free and dissolved gas 193 13. Simulation of sonoreators accounting for dissipated power 219 14. Technological designs and energy efficiency: The optimal paths 249 Part IV Green, sustainable and benign by design process? The place and perspective of ultrasound assisted processes and sonochemistry in industrial applications based on energy efficiency 263 15. Acoustic cavitation and sonochemistry in industry: State of the art 265 16. Crystallization of pharmaceutical compounds: Process Intensification using ultrasonic irradiations - Experimental approach 279 17. Sonochemical degradation of fluoroquinolone and ß-lactam antibiotics - A view on transformations, degradation efficiency, and consumed energy 287 18. The use of ultrasonic treatment in technological processes of complex processing of industrial waste: Energetic insights 299 19. The sonochemical and ultrasoundassisted production of hydrogen: energy efficiency for the generation of an energy carrier 313 20. Future trends and promising applications of industrial sonochemical processes 329 21. Raising challenges of ultrasound-assisted processes and sonochemistry in industrial applications based on energy efficiency 349