Environment, Chemistry, and metabolism

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer, Volume 1: Environment, Chemistry, and Metabolism brings together information from many diverse disciplines in the environmental, chemical, biological, and medical sciences to provide a comprehensive account of the link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cancer. This volume consists of 19 chapters divided into seven sections based on the following themes: Energy Sources; Environmental Occurrence and Monitoring; Tobacco Carcinogenesis; Chemistry, Carcinogenicity, and Theory; Metabolism and Activation; Enzymology; and Pharmacokinetics. The first three chapters focus on the energy sources, occurrence and surveillance, and environmental monitoring of PAHs. The discussion then turns to the link between smoking and cancer; the carcinogenicity of 5-methylchrysene; synthesis and reactions of diol epoxides and related metabolites of carcinogenic hydrocarbons; and enzymes of oxygenation. The final chapter is devoted to the pharmacokinetics of chemically reactive metabolites. This book will be of interest to investigators and educators concerned with scientific aspects of PAH research; government officials and elected representatives as well as industry leaders who must confront and solve the problems related to PAHs; and others in various fields such as chemistry, environmental science, biochemistry and enzymology, pharmacology, molecular and cell biology, and genetics.

List of ContributorsPrefaceIn Memoriam, Madame Pascaline DaudelContents of Volume 2Part I Energy Sources 1 Energy Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons I. Introduction II. Petroleum III. Coal IV. Oil Shale V. Conclusions, Comparisons, Comments ReferencesPart II Environment: Occurrence and Monitoring 2 Occurrence and Surveillance of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons I. Introduction II. Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons III. Contamination of Food and Water Supplies IV. Surveillance Methods V. Conclusion References 3 Analytical Methods for Monitoring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment I. Introduction II. Multiple PAH Analysis III. Major Component Analysis IV. Benzo[a]pyrene Analysis V. Application of the Analytical Methods to Environmental Survey ReferencesPart III Tobacco Carcinogenesis 4 Tobacco Carcinogenesis I. Introduction II. Some Epidemiological Observations III. Characteristics of Tobacco Smoke IV. Bioassays V. Identification of Tumorigenic Agents VI. Reduction of Tumorigenicity VII. The Less Harmful Cigarette VIII. Summary References 5 On the Carcinogenicity of 5-Methylchrysene: Structure-Activity Studies and Metabolism I. Introduction II. Results and Discussion III. Summary References Note Added in ProofPart IV Chemistry, Carcinogenicity, and Theory 6 Synthesis and Reactions of Diol Epoxides and Related Metabolites of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons I. Introduction II. Synthesis of Arene Dihydrodiols III. Synthesis of Arene Tetrahydrodiols IV. Synthesis and Characterization of Arene Diol Epoxides V. Specific Synthetic Procedures VI. Resolution of Dihydrodiols and the Synthesis of Optically Active Diol Epoxides VII. Reactions of Arene Diol Epoxides References Note Added in Proof 7 Synthesis of Carbon-13-Labeled Benzo[a]pyrene Derivatives Text References 8 The Bay-Region Theory of Carcinogenesis by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons I. Introduction II. Formulation of the Bay-Region Theory III. A Quantum Mechanical Basis for the Bay-Region Theory IV. Evidence in Support of the Bay-Region Theory V. Conclusion References Note Added in Proof 9 Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Benzo[a]Pyrene and Benzo[a]Pyrene Derivatives I. Introduction II. Mutagenesis III. Carcinogenesis References Note Added in ProofPart V Metabolism and Activation 10 Benzoftfjpyrene Metabolism: Activation and Detoxification I. Introduction II. Benzo[a]Pyrene Metabolism III. Enzymes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolism IV. Assays for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolism References 11 Distribution and Excretion of the Hydrocarbon 3-Methylcholanthrene in the Animal Body I. Introduction II. Distribution of 3-Methylcholanthrene in Mice III. Metabolism of 3-Methylcholanthrene in Organs IV. Metabolism of 3-Methylcholanthrene in Perfused Rat Liver V. 3-Methylcholanthrene Metabolites in the Excreta VI. Distribution and Metabolism of 3-Methylcholanthrene in Fetal Mice VII. Tissue Susceptibility and Accumulation of 3-Methylcholanthrene References 12 Electron Spin Resonance Study of the Binding of the 6-Oxybenzo[a]Pyrene Radical and Benzo[a]Pyrene-Semiquinone Radicals with DNA and Polynucleotides I. Introduction II. Binding of 6-Oxy-BP Radical with DNA and Polynucleotides III.