Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement

This book covers applications and techniques of flow measurement. The treatment of topics is definitive, and the information provided is designed to be immediately useful to those involved in flow measurement. Tables are provided for such commonly encountered variables as the saturation vapor pressure of water; the composition of dry air; the compressibility factor for air; air-free and air-saturated water density; viscosity of dry air, nitrogen, and other gases; and heat/specific volume ratios for dry air, water vapor, and moist air.

Frank E. Jones is an independent consultant in the Washington D.C. area. For many years he was a physicist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. He is the author of over 75 technical publications, three books and holds several measurement-related patents.

Force, Weight, and Pressure UnitsForceWeighingPressureApplication to ManometryDensity of GasesDevelopment of the Air Density EquationParameters of the Air Density EquationUncertainties in Air DensityUncertainties in the Environmental QuantitiesUse of Constant Values of f, Z, and Ma in the Air Density EquationCIPM-81 Air Density EquationDensities of Some Other GasesDensity of WaterFormulations of KellNew FormulationsTablesWater Vapor Mixing Ratio as a Flow ParameterDensity of Moist Air. Freestream Air VelocityReal-Gas Ratio of Specific Heats, g, for Moist AirCalculation of Saturation Mixing RatioUncertainty in the Calculation of rsViscosity of GasesExperimental DataDevelopment of EquationsRanges of Application of the EquationsTablesGamma, Ratio of Specific Heats for AirReal-Gas Specific Heats of AirReal-Gas Specific Heats of Water VaporMeasurement UncertaintyNIST GuidelinesBuoyancy Corrections in WeighingBuoyant Force and Buoyancy CorrectionApplication of the Simple Buoyancy Correction Factor to Weighing on a Single-Pan BalanceThe Electronic Analytical BalanceExamples of Effects of Failure to Make Buoyancy CorrectionsReal-Gas Critical Flow Factor, C*Interpolation Formula for C*Subsonic Flow and Discharge CoefficientsSubsonic Flow of Gas through Venturis, Nozzles, and OrificesNozzle Discharge CoefficientDerivation of Discharge Coefficient, CD, for Orifice PlatesAutomatic PipetsCalibration of Automatic PipetsResults and ConclusionsReference Method for Testing HydrometersHydrometer Calibration MethodApplication of the Method to Hydrometer CalibrationTreatment of Laminar Flowmeter Calibration DataDevelopment of the EquationEffect of Kinematic Viscosity on Performance of Turbine FlowmetersApplication of Dimensional AnalysisCurvature of a Plot of f/Q against fE