Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement

Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement covers the applications and techniques of flow measurement. This definitive book provides guidelines for choosing appropriate techniques and assuring valid measurements as well as describes methods for treatment of calibration data in fluid flow under various conditions. The book also covers three systems of units: the SI system, the English Absolute Dimensional system, and the English Engineering system. Commonly used - and often misused - variables such as force, weight, and pressure are defined, and the relationships between the systems for these common variables are summarized. One of the many unique features of Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement is the number of ready-to-use tables included throughout the text. Tables are provided for such commonly encountered variables as the saturation vapor pressure of water; the composition of dry air; the compressibility factor for air; air-free and air-saturated water density; viscosity of dry air, nitrogen, and other gases; and specific heat/specific volume ratios for dry air, water vapor, and moist air. Another unique feature of this book is the number of highly relevant examples. The author includes examples/exercises that demonstrate applications for density calculations; water vapor mixing ratio determination; gas viscosity interpolation; NIST guideline applications; buoyancy corrections; and more.

Frank E. Jones is an independent consultant in the Washington D.C. area. For many years he was a physicist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. He is the author of over 75 technical publications, three books and holds several measurement-related patents.

Force, Weight, and Pressure Units, Force, Weighing, Pressure, Application to Manometry, Density of Gases, Development of the Air Density Equation, Parameters of the Air Density Equation, Uncertainties in Air Density, Uncertainties in the Environmental Quantities, Use of Constant Values of f, Z, and Ma in the Air Density Equation, CIPM-81 Air Density Equation, Densities of Some Other Gases, Density of Water, Formulations of Kell, New Formulations, Tables, Water Vapor Mixing Ratio as a Flow Parameter, Density of Moist Air. Freestream Air Velocity, Real-Gas Ratio of Specific Heats, g, for Moist Air, Calculation of Saturation Mixing Ratio, Uncertainty in the Calculation of rs, Viscosity of Gases, Experimental Data, Development of Equations, Ranges of Application of the Equations, Tables, Gamma, Ratio of Specific Heats for Air, Real-Gas Specific Heats of Air, Real-Gas Specific Heats of Water Vapor, Measurement Uncertainty, NIST Guidelines, Buoyancy Corrections in Weighing, Buoyant Force and Buoyancy Correction, Application of the Simple Buoyancy Correction Factor to Weighing on a Single-Pan Balance, The Electronic Analytical Balance, Examples of Effects of Failure to Make Buoyancy Corrections, Real-Gas Critical Flow Factor, C*, Interpolation Formula for C*, Subsonic Flow and Discharge Coefficients, Subsonic Flow of Gas through Venturis, Nozzles, and Orifices, Nozzle Discharge Coefficient, Derivation of Discharge Coefficient, CD, for Orifice Plates, Automatic Pipets, Calibration of Automatic Pipets, Results and Conclusions, Reference Method for Testing Hydrometers, Hydrometer Calibration Method, Application of the Method to Hydrometer Calibration, Treatment of Laminar Flowmeter Calibration Data, Development of the Equation, Effect of Kinematic Viscosity on Performance of Turbine Flowmeters, Application of Dimensional Analysis, Curvature of a Plot of f/Q against f, Experimental Determinations of a(v) and b(v), Discussion and Conclusions, Analysis of Calibration Data for Vortex Shedding Flowmeter, Treatment of Calibration Data for Venturi Meters, Ascertaining Linear Range of Anemometers, Jones's Treatment of Calibration Data for Turbine Flowmeters, Treatment of Anemometer Calibration Data, Application of the Analysis, Diverter Corrections, Diverter Valve Correction, Conclusions, Calibration of Platform Scale, Experimental, Volumetric Test Measures: Types of Test Measures, Calibration of Test Measures, Equivalence of Gravimetric and Volumetric Test Measure. Example of Uncertainty for Gravimetric Calibration, Experimental Determination of Density of Liquids, Liquid Density Determination by Hydrostatic Weighing, Determination of the Density of Liquids Using a Mechanical Oscillator Technique, Tank Volume, Tank Calibration, Calibration Equation, Application to Flow Measurement, Index