Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses

Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses documents the proceedings of ICN-UCLA symposium held in Salt Lake City, Utah, 8-13 March 1981. The symposium brought together people from different disciplines working with the common objective of reducing the ravages of influenza and to expose them to the totality of the problem of influenza. The papers presented at the meeting included nearly all major aspects of influenza in which important advances are being made. Because of recombinant DNA technology and rapid DNA sequencing, a number of genes of influenza virus from a number of strains have been either completely or partially sequenced. Among these, the gene coding for hemagglutinin (HA) has been most intensively studied and the HA of one or more strains from each subtype (H1, H2, H3) has been completely sequenced. Other topics discussed include the question of drift and shift at the genomic level; the role of the capped host mRNA is the process of initiation of transcription; and the regulation of viral transcription. This volume also includes papers presented by the speakers of the plenary sessions and that of keynote speaker, Sir Charles Stuart-Harris as well as the selected papers presented in the poster sessions.

ContributorsPrefaceI. Keynote Address 1. Influenza Viral Genetics and the FutureII. Sequence Variation among Viral Genes 2. Drift and Shift of Influenza Virus Studied at the Genomic Level 3. Conservation and Variation in Influenza Gene Sequences 4. Sequence Variation at the 3' Ends of Neuraminidase Gene Segments within and among the Different NA Subtypes 5. Influenza Virus A/PR/8/34 Genes: Sequencing by a Shotgun Approach 6. The Hemagglutinin Gene of Influenza A/PR/8/34 7. Defective Interfering Influenza Viruses: Complete Sequence of a DI RNAIII. Transcription and Expression of Viral Genome 8. The Initiation of Influenza Viral RNA Transcription by Capped RNA Primers 9. Influenza Virus-Specific Proteins Regulating Genome Transcription 10. Genome Diversity among Influenza A, B, and C Viruses and Genetic Structure of RNA 7 and RNA 8 of Influenza A Viruses 11. Multiple mRNAs and Coding Regions Derived from Individual Influenza A and B Virus RNA Segments 12. Structure of the Hemagglutinin Gene of H0Ni Strain of Human Influenza Virus and Its Expression in Escherichia Coli 13. Nonviral Sequences in Complete Influenza Viral DNA Clones and Functional Expression of Cloned DNA Coding for the Hemagglutinin 14. Expression of the Influenza Hemagglutinin Using Simian Virus 40 VectorsIV. Post-Translation Modification of Viral Proteins 15. Processing of the Hemagglutinin 16. Directional Transport of Viral Glycoproteins in Polarized Epithelial Cells 17. Antigenic Carbohydrate Determinants on Influenza Hemagglutinin 18. Variation of Glycosylation Sites in H,Ni Strains of Influenza Virus 19. Structure of the Spike Glycoprotein of Influenza C Virus 20. Post-translational Modification of Influenza Virus-Induced Proteins during Productive and Abortive InfectionsV. Antigenic Variation 21. Structure and Variation of Antigenic Sites on Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin 22. The Antigenic Topology of the Hemagglutinin Molecule of Influenza Virus A/PR/8/34 23. Antigenic Drift in Influenza Viruses and Association of Biological Activity with the Topography of the Hemagglutinin Molecule 24. The Hong Kong Hemagglutinin. Structural Relationships between the Human (H3) Hemagglutinins and the Hemagglutinin from the Putative Progenitor Strain A/Duck/Ukraine/1/63 (HAV7) 25. The Extent of Hemagglutinin Variation during Antigenic Drift in the Hong Kong Subtype of Influenza from 1968 to 1979 26. Immunochemical Properties of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and Its Fragments 27. Antigenic Characterization of Influenza A Virus NucleoproteinVI. Viral Pathogenesis 28. Genes Involved in the Virulence of an Avian Influenza Virus 29. Suppressor Recombinants and Suppressor Mutants 30. Different Sialyloligosaccharide Receptor Determinants of Antigenically Related Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins 31. Characterization of Influenza Virus Receptors on Host Cells 32. Host Defense against Influenza 33. Ir Gene Control of the Cytolytic T Cell Response to Influenza Virus 34. Characterization of an Influenza Virus-Resistant MDBK Cell Variant 35. Neutralization of Influenza Virus by Antibody: Attachment, Uptake, and Uncoating of Neutralized Virus in Chick Embryo CellsVII. Epidemiology and Evolution of Viruses 36. Human Adaptation to Influenza Viral Evolution 37. Natural and Unnatural Variation in Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses since 1977 38. Heterogeneity of Influenza Viruses Isolated from the Houston Community during Defined Epidemic Periods 39. Biologic and Genetic Characterization of an Influenza A Virus Associated with Epizootic Pneumonia in SealsVIII. Immunology and Prophylaxis 40. Influenza Immunoprophylaxis after 30 Years' Experience 41. The Basis for Immunity to Influenza in Man 42. The Specificity of T Cells for Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin 43.

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